14. What is generally the most important factor in the evolution of mating systems and why does this “make sense’?…
o Possible that many of the genetic changes result from genetic drift or are neutral (neither detrimental or adaptive)…
The brown recluse spider lives inside houses as well as in its surroundings. Inside homes, the arachnid lives in dark places, such as cracks, corners, seldom used clothes, curtains and inside furniture. Yet, it is very common for a spider to get trapped in showers and bathtubs because of their smooth surface, and there have been lots of cases in which spiders bit the legs of a person who was having a bath. Outdoors, the BRS is usually located underneath rocks or within hollow woods. If you live in areas where the BRS lives, you must be careful when manipulating garden objects such as boxes, piles of wood, pots, etc.…
The Odontodactylus Scyllarus, more colloquially referred to as the peacock mantis shrimp, gets its name from its bright peacock-like coloration, its shrimp-like size, and its mantis-like body structure. The mantis shrimp belongs to the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Arthropoda, the subphylum Crustacea, the class Malacostraca, the order Stomatopoda, the family Odontodactylidae, and the genus Odontodactylus (Wikipedia). This species, the Odontodactylus Scyllarus, belongs to a group of 400 other types of mantis shrimp whose lineage can be traced back using phylogenies 500 million years (Guenther). Typically, the size of a peacock mantis shrimp ranges from three to eighteen inches in length (Wikipedia). Because they live in sub-tropical and tropical…
The name Trapdoor spider is a general term use when talking about a spider in the one of the following families: Idiopidae, Actinopodidae, Ctenizidae, Migidae, or Cyrtaucheniidae. The largest family by far is the Idiopidae family which includes the brown trapdoor spider and the spotted trapdoor spider.…
Charles Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection is the process by which biological traits become either more or less regular in a species and is a key component of evolution. Natural Selection occurs when a subject has a feature that enables to be able to survive more easily than those without it. Take for example the Galapagos Finches (Darwin’s Finches). Found on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean are a group of about 13 types of finches…
• Be able to use the terms variation, adaptation, natural selection, and evolution as they apply to this and…
Describe the unusual geographic distribution of this characteristic that Mathiasen and Daugherty (2008) documented. What do they think this distribution tells us?…
Sexual selection can be used to explain certain characteristics or behaviours which increase an individual’s reproductive success. These characteristics may get exaggerated over evolutionary time. In humans, these characteristics may include good physical and mental health, as well as physical features such as good looks etc. these characteristics are attractive because they show an ability to reproduce and pass on these genes to offspring. There are two types of sexual selection, intrasexual and intersexual. Intrasexual selection is the evolution of characteristics that enable an individual to compete with their rivals whereas intersexual selection is the evolution of characteristics that are attractive to a mate. An example of this would be a peacock’s tail. The peacock with the ‘best’ tail (longest and brightest etc.) is considered to be more attractive to the peahen and therefore he is more likely to reproduce and pass on his genes to the next generation. Buss, 1989, found evidence to support this. Over 10000 participants across 37 different cultures took part in his study on differences in intersexual selection. Questionnaires were given to the participants, asking about preferences for variables such as marriage, age differences, characteristics etc. He found that women valued qualities such as ambition and industriousness in men – qualities showing their financial potential. He also found that men valued youth and physical attractiveness more highly than women. This suggests that males look for qualities associated with fertility in line with evolutionary predictions. He concluded that women have evolved to select mates who can provide resources for themselves and their offspring. Buss’ study had over 10000 participants and therefore has credibility, however the participants may have not given a truthful answer and instead given one they thought would appear more…
Directional – peacock’s tail, female peacock will choose to mate with male with best/most colorful tail. But a tail too extravagent could harm against predators…
Evolutionary theory states that all animals are motivated by the desire to ensure that their genes make it into the gene pool of the next generation. Natural selection is the tendency of individuals best adapted to their environment to survive and pass on their genes. Sexual selection is the probability of passing on our genes depends partly on any chances of survival but also on ability to attract a mate. Those who have genes for features which make them attractive are most likely to reproduce and pass all their genes on. This could be supported by Darwin’s suggestion that the peacock’s bright colouring was there to attract the peahen. Sexual selection is important for us as humans as some physical characteristics may not have developed to increase our survival rate, but simply to make us more sexually desirable. An example of this is eye/hair colour and distribution of muscle. Our sexual behaviour can be influenced genes, and this is similar no matter what culture you come from. They are also similar in terms of physical characteristics. This is a significant factor because it is a demonstration of the universal…
There are many different species in the world which, according to Darwin, all came from one source, e.g. a bacteria or organism. Within each species, natural variation occurs, therefore the individual beings within the specie look different from one another. These differences are caused by genetic makeup (50% from your mum, 50% from your dad). There are some genes like down-syndrome that get switched on when combined with other genes. Some genes can also undergo mutation- a random change (e.g. being born with six fingers, instead of five). Most mutations are harmful, for example Siamese twins joined by the brain, but some like the cheetah’s spots are good, they make it easier for the cat to camouflage better. This mutation increased survival fitness; therefore it got passed on and became a permanent feature. The other cheetah’s without spot started dying out, as they could not camouflage as well as the spotted one, and got caught when stalking their prey. Evolution is the process of natural selection according to Darwin; it enables us to find mutations which help us survive. In addition to natural selection, Darwin also suggested that species evolve through sexual selection. Darwin suggested that animals would evolve through time and end up with physical and behavioural characteristics that allow them to survive efficiently and compete effectively with rivals. For example, the peacock’s tail appears to reduce its chance of survival as it attracts predators and hinders its flight. But the tail is what helps it survive, as it attracts the females, the brighter, colourful and bigger the tail is; the more chance of mating it has. An example of sexual selection in humans is hairlessness. Although the loss of hair may have enabled us to keep cool in the hot weather by sweating, lack of hair meant we had to adapt to…
3. Which of the following resulted from a genetic variation that was favored by natural selection?…
The Science of Destruction Brian Caswell’s book A Cage of Butterflies explores the scientific research on two groups of children, the teenagers in the ‘think tank’ and the ‘Babies.’ (QUOTE) The book explores the poor treatment of children in the field of science, it delves into science fiction with the Babies being telepathic and it also questions the negative impacts of science on the researchers. The book reaches climax when the experiment is tampered with by a dark man who is unknown to the antagonist Larsen. The dark man, a character created by the teenagers of the think tank, destroys Larsen’s research and takes the Babies away from the abusive world of science.…
In the article “An Evolutionary Perspective on Physical Attractiveness”, Doug Jones…