“The Picture of Dorian Gray”:
Literal images
Figurative images
Symbols: The author's attempts to represent areas of human experience that ordinary language cannot express; the symbol evokes a concrete, objective reality while suggesting a level of meaning beyond that reality Denotative meaning: the literal meaning of a word | Connotative meaning: suggestions and associations resulting from a word or group of words. | Style is the author's personal expression. | * It reveals his/her way of perceiving experience and organizing perceptions. | * Irony: a discrepancy between what is stated and what is suggested; saying one thing and meaning another. | * Hyperbole: the opposite of understatement; exaggeration used for rhetorical effect: may be dramatic heightening. | · omniscient narrator: godlike narrator; he/she can enter character's minds and know everything that is going on, past, present, and future. | Advantage: very natural technique; author is, after all, omniscient regarding his work. | Disadvantage: unlifelike; narrator knows and tells all; is truly a convention of literature | Scenic Technique | * Resembles a movie or play in its manner of presentation. | | We are close to the actions in both a spatial and temporal sense. | | The author presents actions that take a few seconds to perform in a passage that takes a few seconds to read. | * Scenic techniques used at the beginning of a novel are more likely to capture a reader's attention at once because they are concrete and vivid. | Panoramic technique | *