The Potential of Tannin found in Avocado Seeds as ink
The Potential of Tannin Found in
Avocado Seeds (Persea Americana)
As Alternative Source of Ink
A Science Investigatory Project in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement in Science IV
Presented to:
Ms. Hazel M. De Ramos
Science IV Teacher
Presented by:
Española, Daveriel P.
Misolas, Kim Zeus N.
Sta. Ana, Rhoel Marvin O.
Discaya, DoumaJairah V.
Orgado, Nadine Gladys B.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Laboratory High School
February 2014
Table of Contents
Chapter I: The Problem and its Setting
A. Introduction
B. Objectives of the Study
C. Background of the Study
D. Statement of the Problem
E. Hypothesis
F. Significance of the Study
G. Scope and Limitations
H. Definition of Terms
Chapter II: Abstract
Chapter III: Review of Related Literature and Studies
A. Related Literature
B. Related Studies
Chapter IV: Methodology
A. Methodology Flow Chart
B. Experimental Procedures
Chapter V: Results and Discussion
Chapter VI: Finding and Analysis of Data
Chapter VII: Conclusion and Recommendations
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
A. INTRODUCTION
Commercial inks used today on our pens and printers as we know are simple but little we know about it is that it has complete compositions. Pen inks that were used in the early times were iron gall inks, but because of its corrosive effect on paper, its component were changed and here they are a little amount of phosphoric acid ester, imidazoline-type activator, polytyethylenealkylamine, polyotyethylent, alkylame and alkylalkanolamide. But these are not the only substances that can be found in pen inks, there may be toluene and xylene, and other heavy metal compounds which may cause skin irritating, nauseas, blurred visions, dizziness and drowsiness. These substances are also non-renewable oils.
Through complicated and extensive research, our team has found a cheaper and safer alternative for the traditional commercial ink. By just replacing the main components which are
Avocado Seeds (Persea Americana)
As Alternative Source of Ink
A Science Investigatory Project in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement in Science IV
Presented to:
Ms. Hazel M. De Ramos
Science IV Teacher
Presented by:
Española, Daveriel P.
Misolas, Kim Zeus N.
Sta. Ana, Rhoel Marvin O.
Discaya, DoumaJairah V.
Orgado, Nadine Gladys B.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Laboratory High School
February 2014
Table of Contents
Chapter I: The Problem and its Setting
A. Introduction
B. Objectives of the Study
C. Background of the Study
D. Statement of the Problem
E. Hypothesis
F. Significance of the Study
G. Scope and Limitations
H. Definition of Terms
Chapter II: Abstract
Chapter III: Review of Related Literature and Studies
A. Related Literature
B. Related Studies
Chapter IV: Methodology
A. Methodology Flow Chart
B. Experimental Procedures
Chapter V: Results and Discussion
Chapter VI: Finding and Analysis of Data
Chapter VII: Conclusion and Recommendations
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
A. INTRODUCTION
Commercial inks used today on our pens and printers as we know are simple but little we know about it is that it has complete compositions. Pen inks that were used in the early times were iron gall inks, but because of its corrosive effect on paper, its component were changed and here they are a little amount of phosphoric acid ester, imidazoline-type activator, polytyethylenealkylamine, polyotyethylent, alkylame and alkylalkanolamide. But these are not the only substances that can be found in pen inks, there may be toluene and xylene, and other heavy metal compounds which may cause skin irritating, nauseas, blurred visions, dizziness and drowsiness. These substances are also non-renewable oils.
Through complicated and extensive research, our team has found a cheaper and safer alternative for the traditional commercial ink. By just replacing the main components which are