The Ptolemaic-Aristotelian Analysis

The Ptolemaic-Aristotelian view was very idealized and simple compared to the knowledge we have today. They taught that the planets were perfectly spherical, traveling in circular orbits, at a constant speed. The geocentric model of our galaxy was also taught, meaning the earth would be at the center. Bit by bit, philosophers, especially in the eighteenth century, began to find discrepancies in the ancient model. Copernicus, believed that a heliocentric model of the galaxy better accounted for planetary behavior, even if it wasn't the true model. Johannes Kepler found that planetary orbits weren't perfectly circular, but instead, are elliptical. Galileo Galilei, unlike Copernicus, believed that the heliocentric model was the true model of our
What is some of the evidence these scholars have brought forth? Recent historians have discarded the traditional black and white view of science versus religion, and have developed a more neutral view. Many religious ideas actually coincide with scientific laws. For example, Christians believe in an orderly, predictable, and measurable universe. We also see that many churchmen contributed greatly to the development of science. Forerunners include men like Roger Bacon, St. Albert the great, etc. There are many other clerical scientists that contributed to the sciences. One religious order worth mentioning, are the Jesuits, because of their vast contributions to scientific study and
The enlightenment was a time of scientific advances and skepticism of ancient practices. Enlightenment figures were less pessimistic regarding human nature. Previous thinkers, especially Christians, believed that humans were sinful by nature, and needed the grace of God. The enlightenment thinkers were less critical. Reason was believed to be a great gift that should be used as our guide in everything. They put a restriction on reason, however, because many didn't believe you could use reason to prove the existence of God. As I said before, there was a skepticism of inherited knowledge and this pushed enlightenment thinkers to question the long held beliefs of the ancient and this skepticism, pushed humans further into