This laboratory experiment was a combination of two separate experiments as stated in the above title. The introduction has been split into 2 separate components to briefly give some background on each procedure.…
Connected within this repressive system, Hogan’s work critically explores the destruction and exploitation of the environment. Broad in scope when confronting the topic, she gives the reader a strong sense of the issues faced in regard to the natural world. Providing clarity to Hogan’s worldview, she juxtaposes that which troubles her against what she views as the correct way to be in the world. She is sharply critical of Western values for covering “the American continent with a view of the natural world that did not accept the Earth was alive and that all species were sentient.” Within the dominant view, the destruction of life is inherent.…
Think about mice racing each other. Would they prefer a smooth floor or a rough floor? This experiment will tell which floor the mice go faster on. To make this experiment work correctly, you would need to figure out what you need for this experiment, what would be contained in the experimental group, and how you would do it.…
Never has a man left the embrace of nature once he found himself enamored by it; this infatuation is found in both John Muir’s and Aldo Leopold’s writing, a sense of wanting to protect this deity they call Mother Nature, a moral and ethical responsibility which every human being has to this Mother. Both John Muir and Aldo Leopold recount their almost romantic encounter with Mother Nature in their books Our National Parks and A Sand County Almanac, respectively. However, in both books it is notable that each man carries instilled in the very fiber of their being a sense of dissatisfaction toward the process of mechanization and industrialization; processes which unfortunately…
In Robin Wall Kimmerer’s book Braiding Sweetgrass, she makes a compelling argument for the planet’s sustainability. Through several chapters, she illustrates how, despite how the Earth provides for all of our needs, we do not repay the favour and instead destroy the life it has left. We are not realizing the value of preserving the environment; instead, we are adapting to the thought that the extended use of fossil fuels is typical, climate change is irreversible, environmental pollution is an unfixable problem, endangered species are beyond salvation, and society has become increasingly disconnected to the planet as it once was. Kimmerer articulates this throughout multiple chapters.…
In Margaret Fuller’s novel Summer on the Lakes, in 1843, Fuller states, “To a girl really skilled to make home beautiful and comfortable, with bodily strength to enjoy plenty of exercise, the woods, the streams, a few studies, music and the sincere and familiar intercourse, far more easily to be met here than elsewhere, would afford happiness enough.”(Fuller, 461) Fuller believes that living in harmony with nature will cause people, especially women since Fuller supports women’s rights, to gain happiness and become independent from the lifestyle of urban cities. Fuller is correct in her assertion. Yet, with the continued actions/methods of these oil companies, if incidents continue to occur, then eventually there will be less and less nature for which humans will be able to enjoy. Even though there are national parks which protect sections of land, the amount of protected land continue to be very insignificant compared to the amount of unprotected land. With the loss of a majority of nature, the human population would struggle even more to sustain itself and provide for the already large population inhabiting the planet.…
One of the important questions that is simple but yet compelling is the question of who actually lived in The Adirondacks, Yosemite, and the Grand Canyon before they became national parks in the United States? Karl Jacoby asks this question in the novel Crimes Against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden History of American Conservation. Most people would focus on the positive efforts to protect nature in environmental tends but Jacoby examines the negative aspects of how nature was mistreated. In Crimes Against Nature, Jacoby argues that the history of the Conservation Movement has two sides. Jacoby seeks to challenge the traditional history of protection of the environment and nature. Jacoby describes that the narrative of conservation is more…
In his critique, “The Trouble with Wilderness or Getting Back to the Wrong Nature,” William Cronon argues against the romantic conceptualization of nature that a great portion of the environmentalist movement has embraced. Subsequently, Cronon revokes the Romantic and even quasi-religious notion that wilderness spaces are separate from those inhabited by man. He argues that by eliminating the divide in perception between the human constructs of the natural world and the civilized world, man will be encouraged to take more responsibility for his actions that negatively impact the environment. In prefacing his conclusion, he writes, “Home, after all, is the place where finally we make our living. It is the place for which we take responsibility,…
It is difficult to find writers more passionate about the natural environment than John Muir and Edward Abbey. Both Muir in a section from his book A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf and Abbey in a chapter titled Polemic: Industrial Tourism and the National Parks channel anger and frustration at the environmental policies of their time into literature that argues fervently for preservation of national parks and other areas of wilderness. In Hetch Hetchy Valley, Muir reverently describes in vivid detail the beautiful landscape of a river valley in Yosemite called the Hetch Hetchy Valley, condemning anyone who supports a government plan to dam the Hetch Hetchy River and flood the valley. In a famous quote Muir says, “no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man” (Muir 112). Abbey employs a highly sarcastic and satirical tone to outline the consequences of further expansion of roads and highways into national parks. He aims to incite anger with sharp language and insults to draw the reader in emotionally. “This is a courageous view, admirable in its simplicity and power… It is also quite insane” (Abbey 422). Both pieces easily stand alone, but when looked at together they suggest even more strongly that it is deceptive and dishonest to advertise industrialization of wilderness as any kind of favorable progress for society. This “progress” does not actually benefit anyone. Those who proclaim this as their reason for supporting industrial development are more likely motivated by the short-term economic benefits they will receive.…
Aldo Leopold was a conservationist, forester philosopher, educator, writer and outdoor enthusiast and was among the founding fathers of the North American conservation movement during the first half of twentieth century (Leopold, 1981). He argues that humans are part of a community that includes the land, from the soil to the rivers and seas (Leopold, 1981). According to Leopold (1981), until humans recognize that they are part of the land and act accordingly, they will continue to negatively impact the environment and their own health by extension (Leopold, 1981)…
This willingness to reevaluate our basic understanding of nature must occur on a far larger scale in order to bring about any real effects in political policy reform and individual practices and overcome the individualistic attitude that pervades our society and has caused a detachment from our environment and its subsequent…
(William Cronon, ed., Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1995, 69-90;…
Many people who live in urban environments are fascinated about the wilderness through television, but never take a step outside to interact with the nature surrounding them. People who alienate themselves from nature, are unaware that the loss of direct contact is one of the greatest causes of ecological crisis. One lesson that Robert Pyle has mentioned in his book The Thunder Tree is that our culture lacks the intimacy with the living world. If we do not have direct contact with nature we lose the importance it holds because we allow ourselves to only imagine what it is like to have direct contact with nature. This lesson is important to Pyle because this mass disaffection in our culture is foreshadowing apathy for the condition of earth. This lesson is important to me personally because I now have a deeper understanding of nature and it helped change my perspective of what I thought was my environment.…
* Online ethnic centre (2010), “Rachel Carson-Silent Spring: A brief history of Ecology as a Subversive subject”, http://www.onlineethics.org/cms/9174.aspx, (accessed on August 23, 2010).…
Aldo Leopold, in his essay collection A Sand County Almanac explores the natural world, and the symbiotic relationship that’s shared between plant and animal, while also insinuating how humans live in opposition to that fragile synchrony, for we live to reshape our environment for contemporary gains. Leopold is able to write the essay as an ecological historian, who’s knowledge comes from the topography of the Wisconsin landscape, the rings of an Oak tree, or a single atom entombed in a limestone ledge. The first two sections of the book gravitate around two opposing forces conservation and modern progress (scientific advancement, economical growth.…