Preview

The Rise and Fall of Indigenous Business Development Center in Zimbabwe.

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
15372 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
The Rise and Fall of Indigenous Business Development Center in Zimbabwe.
The Rise and Fall of the Indigenous Business Development Center (IBDC) in Zimbabwe.

Tamuka Charles Chirimambowa

Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Economic
History and Development.

University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Durban, 2006.
Abstract
Economic reform has become one of the major necessities of post-colonial African states, given years of slavery, apartheid, colonialism and underdevelopment. Many scholars have argued that Africa’s lack of development is due to the lack of African participation within the economic sphere, especially as a business class or ‘bourgeoisie’. They contend that African participation in business has been rare, and where granted it has been mostly within the peripheries or petty commerce. This study will investigate Zimbabwe’s IBDC with a view to going some way to answering the major question that arises out of this argument: is creating a nationalist indigenous entrepreneurial class the answer to Africa’s development problems? The focus of this study will be on the emergence of the IBDC as a vehicle for black empowerment. It will attempt to account for its successes, its failures, and its ultimate demise. The research will also chart how some of Zimbabwe 's most successful black entrepreneurs, some who have managed to establish a global presence, got their start with this organization, and how they proceeded when the IBDC ceased to exist.The study will also proceed to examine the Indigenous Business Women 's Organization and the Affirmative Action Group, similar organisations that came after the IBDC. Crucial within this research agenda is the interrogation of the role of the state in post colonial Africa: can it be a catalyst for economic empowerment, or is it an inhibitor? Finally, efforts will be made to investigate the complementarities and contradictions of efforts to create a black business class with poverty alleviation policies.

Contents

Chapter 1:



Bibliography: • Adedeji Adebayo (Ed), Indigenisation of African Economies, 1986, African Association of Public Administration and Management. • Brautigam et al, “Business Associations and Growth Coalitions in Africa”, Journal of Modern African Studies, 40, 4 (2002), pp519-547 • Brian Mangwende, “Mugabe eyes Telecel”, Financial Gazette, 26 February 2004 • Fukuyama, Francis 1992, The End of History and the Last Man, Free Press • Government of Zimbabwe 1992, A Framework for Economic Reform, 1991–1995, Harare • Leys Colin and Berman Bruce (Ed), African Capitalists in African Development, 1994, Lynne Rienner, USA. • Nicholas Sheila M. “The State and Development of African Capitalism in Zimbabwe”, in Leys Colin and Berman Bruce (Ed), African Capitalists in African Development, 1994, Lynne Rienner, USA. • Raftopoulos Brian and Compagnon, “Indigenisation, State Bourgeoisie and Neo-authoritarian Politics”, in Staffan Darnolf and Liisa Laakso, Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe: From Liberation to Authoritarianism, 2004, Palgrave Macmillan. • Robert Block, September 8, 1998 http://web.nps.navy.mil/~relooney/3041_623.htm , accessed on 22/01/07 • Scott D [10] Ostergaard, 1994:116 in Colin Leys and Bruce Berman. [11] Ostergaard, 1994:116 in Colin Leys and Bruce Berman. [17] Government of Zimbabwe 1992, A Framework for Economic Reform, 1991–1995, Harare [18] http://www.ulandssekretariatet2.dk/site/oplysning/Zimbabwe%20report.pdf [19] . [ World Bank, Poverty in Zimbabwe: Current Knowledge and Issues for the Future, 1995.] [20] http://www.ulandssekretariatet2.dk/site/oplysning/Zimbabwe%20report.pdf [27] Robert Block, September 8, 1998 http://web.nps.navy.mil/~relooney/3041_623.htm , accessed on 22/01/07 [28] IBWO Mirror (organization’s official magazine), Volume 3, March/April/May 1997: 7 [36] See Taylor “Race, Class and Neo-patrimonialism in Zimbabwe”, 1999: 252. [37] Nicolas van de Walle, “The Impact of Multi-Party Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa” http://democracy.stanford.edu/Seminar/Walle.htm [38] Robert Block, September 8, 1998 http://web.nps.navy.mil/~relooney/3041_623.htm , accessed on 22/01/07. [39] Robert Block, September 8, 1998 http://web.nps.navy.mil/~relooney/3041_623.htm , accessed on 22/01/07.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    3.2 world history

    • 684 Words
    • 2 Pages

    I start my journey of my trip through the kingdoms and city-states of Africa today. I start out in Great Zaimbabwe in Southern Africa. Great Zimbabwe, the ruined city near Lake Mutirikwe and the town of Masvingo, close to the Chimanimani Mountains, along with the Chipinge District. Great Zimbabwe was seen as a place was seen as an important symbol of achievement for Africans, and regaining the history was a major aim for those seeking a majority rule. In 1980, the internationally recognized independent country was renamed for the site, and its famous soapstone bird carvings were retained from the Rhodesian flag and Coat of Arms as a national symbol and depicted in the new Zimbabwean flag. Later in 1980 it officially became the modern state it is today. I also learned that in 1350, Great Zimbabwe was a center for gold trade. Local people told me that people from across the southern Africa brought gold to the Great Zimbabwe. The city didn’t really have a social structure, it was just classes of rich and poor…

    • 684 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This weeks reading on chapter eight Marginalization and Exit in Africa was very interesting it talked about the economic, population growth. It had three reasons why African republics was constrained by corrupt practices of government officials in one party. First one was the dictators and elites looted treasuries and deposited money in Swiss and European, Second low level demanded bribes to provide services or issue building permits along with business licenses, Third was because of “informal” basis workers did not pay taxes and that made it hard to pay for education, work, and health care. With all that going on it did a rising for prices and globalization of finance.…

    • 321 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    3

    • 486 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Objective: dedicated to racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent black nation in Africa…

    • 486 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    For too long, social and political commentators have talked and written as though Africa lies outside the main stream of world historical development-a separate entity to which the social, economic and political pattern of the world does not apply. Myths such as “African socialism” and “pragmatic socialism”, implying the existence of a brand or brands of socialism applicable to Africa alone, have been propagated; and much of our history has been written in terms of socio-anthropological and historical theories as though Africa had no history prior to the colonial period. One of these distortions has been the suggestion that the class structures which exist in other parts of the world do not exist in Africa…

    • 2692 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Imperialism In Zimbabwe

    • 411 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Zimbabwe has been greatly affected by western imperialism. During the colonial period, white people controlled the then called Southern Rhodesia. They took most of the farmland and organized the agriculture economy. In 1980, President Mugabe encouraged squatters to invade these white farms and kill people. This caused the agricultural economy to collapse. By the mid 1990’s Zimbabwe was in a terrible ecumenic state. This only worsened when Mugabe showed no compassion to his people. He turned on the informal sector of the economy and many famers and factory workers jobs went away. Mugabe ordered his men to destroy 700,000 urban residents. This caused people to leave the country. “An estimated four-plus million of the countries 12.9 million people were refugees. About 80% of the people were jobless. A whole generation of children suffered from malnutrition” (Blij 318). in 2008 a major outbreak of cholera killed thousands of people, and many people left the country again. Mugabe has dove Zimbabwe into the ground, and the people greatly suffer.…

    • 411 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Zimbabwean Imperialism

    • 1746 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Privatized imperialism dominated Zimbabwe 's early days of colonialism, via rule of companies interested in exploiting the natural…

    • 1746 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Simutanyi, N. (2006). Neo-Liberalism and the Relevance of Marxism to Africa: The Case of Zambia. Retrieved December 28, 2012 from http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/ar/libros/cuba/if/marx/documentos/22/Neo%20liberalism%20and%20the%20relevance....pdf.…

    • 2635 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    ©Mount Carmel Institute Press Zimbabwe and South Africa, 210 Upper East, Corner Cheshire Street, Mount Pleasant, Box MP 776…

    • 16781 Words
    • 68 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The phrase and idea of a lost generation in studies of African youth, has been closely associated with the work of Cruise O’Brien. In 1996, O’Brien identified a generation of young people (loosely defined)[1] who, as a consequence of factors including political unrest, violence and economic collapse leading to the breakdown of social structures, were unable to complete a socially constructed transition from youth to adulthood – therefore remaining indefinitely young. This generation where described as lost (in a liminal and lamentable world); their inability to mature through social institutions was compounded by their respective inability to economically support themselves, establish an independent household, marry or raise a family. This lost generation is predicated on a male experience. Allegedly these ideas, rather than the term explicitly, became widespread in academic literature, popular press, NGO policies and government concerns. In light of such prevalence an examination of the value of these ideas is worthwhile. This essay will first elaborate and historicise the idea of a lost generation, verifying what is essentially an academic model; it will then apply it to four case studies in order to explain how, while in theory a lost generation can be identified in numerous African contexts the perceived social crisis that they symbolise is much harder to locate.…

    • 3454 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Zimbabwe is an agricultural based economy previously known as the ‘bread-basket’ of Southern Africa. In the past decade, the country experienced a drastic economic disintegration due to wide range of factors including: unconstitutional land redistribution, health, decline in foreign investment and hyperinflation.…

    • 557 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Zimbabwe Downfall

    • 8597 Words
    • 35 Pages

    At last but not the least we want to thank our friends who appreciated us for our work and motivated us and finally to God who made all the things possible.…

    • 8597 Words
    • 35 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Africa possesses vast mineral resources, from diamonds to platinum, which remain untapped. Recently discovered ore deposits and soaring commodity prices are attracting miners from around the world to Africa. This has led to “resource nationalism”, as African countries are looking for ways to maximize their share of the profits from the mining. All over Africa countries are increasing taxes and royalties on mining companies in an effort to maximize those profits but none go as far as Zimbabwe, which is employing an “Indigenisation Policy” that requires foreign companies to be 51% owned by indigenous Zimbabweans within five years.…

    • 2052 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    If I were the minister Simbarashe Chawumba Oct 27 (5 days ago) to mushingacharles IF I WERE THE MINISTER OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT, PUBLIC WORKS AND NATIONAL HOUSING Inbox x Simbarashe Chawumba Oct 15 (12 days ago) to youthessay13 by Simbarashe Chawumba First Year, Social Studies, University Of Zimbabwe Grappling with predicaments such as unemployment, poverty,rights to education, health facilities and human settlement are the Zimbabwean young people. Being the Minister Of Local Government, Public Works and National Housing, I would apply some effective measures to reduce these problems as shall be elaborated in the following essay.…

    • 596 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Walter Rodney in his seminal book- ‘How Europe Under developed Africa’ prescribed a sort of developmental template for Africa. Rodney argued, “African independence was … the threshold of a new era … “(Rodney, 2012:279). Rodney wrote at the time when most African States were emerging from colonialism. However, decades after most African States got independence, the thoughts of Rodney remained unrealistic. The state of economic development in Africa generally provokes feelings of disillusionment. This writing undertakes a rethink on the treatise of Walter Rodney. In particular, the endemic corruption in Africa and the re-looting of recovered loot in Nigeria.…

    • 807 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ngoz

    • 979 Words
    • 4 Pages

    NGOs stands for Non-Governmental organisations which are independent organisations which are responsible for helping needy inhabitants of needy states. Deservedly or not NGOs have gained a reputation as the leading practitioners of rural development in Africa’s 3rd world countries. Some scholars argue that, NGOs are agencies of imperialism in the sense that they are there to fulfil the interests of their mother states under the cover of aid agencies. Whether this true or not, the works of NGOs cannot be overlooked in African countries through their provision of the much needed services such as healthcare, drug distribution, water supplies and sanitation.…

    • 979 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays