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The Role of Unions in South Africa

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The Role of Unions in South Africa
Collectivism, Unionisation and Union Influence: A decline? An investigation into the attitudes and perceptions of South African unionised employees in a single trade union.

Shenaz Sheik

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Masters- Industrial/Organisational Psychology (M.Soc.Sci) School of Psychology University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Howard College

Supervisor: Mr. Dean Isaacs

A decline in collectivism, unionisation and union influence?

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Table of Contents

1. Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction

6 6

2. Chapter 2 2.1 Theoretical Framework- Literature Review 2.1.1 Unitarism 2.1.2 Pluralism 2.1.3 Marxism 2.1.4 Collectivism and Individualism 2.1.5 Neo-liberalism 2.1.6 Unionism

8 8 8 10 12 13 19 21

3. Chapter 3 3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Sampling 3.1.3 Procedure 3.1.4 Methods of data collection 3.1.5 Data Analysis

25 25 25 25 25 26 26

4. Chapter 4 4.1 Research Results and Analysis 4.1.1 Theme 1: The meaning of collectivism for participants 4.1.2 Theme 2: The meaning of individualism for participants 4.1.3 Theme 3: The effectiveness of trade unions in organisations: The positive/negative impact of unions in organisations 4.1.4 Theme 4: Level of confidence in trade unions 4.1.5 Theme 5: Level of trust in trade unions

27 27 27 27

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A decline in collectivism, unionisation and union influence?

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4.1.6 Theme 6: The power of trade unions in enforcing employee rights in an organisation 4.1.7 Theme 7: The degree to which trade unions help resolve disputes with employers 4.1.8 Theme 8: Trade unions‟ impact on South Africa as a whole 4.1.9 Theme 9: Power of trade unions in the organisation 4.1.10 Theme 10: The perception of management with regards to unions in the organisation 4.1.11 Theme 11: Attitudes on new industrial relations practices 4.1.12 Theme 12: Expectations of trade union/s 4.1.13 Theme 13: Fundamental reasons for joining the union 4.1.14 Theme 14: Level of commitment toward trade union 4.1.15 Theme 15: The extent



References: Abott, K. (2006). A review of employment relations theories and their application. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 1, 187-199. Allen, V.L. (1996). Militant Trade Unionism. London: Merlin Press. Bezuidenhout, A., & Buhlungu, S. (2007). Old victories, new struggles: the State of the National union of Mineworkers. In Buhlungu, S., Daniel, J., Southall, R., & Lutchman, J. (Eds), State of the Nation South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Press. Cook, F.G., Clark, S.C., Roberts, K., Semeonoff, E. (1975). White and blue-collar workers; attitude to trade unions and social class. Industrial Relations Journal, 6, 47-58 Croucher, R., & Brewster, C Davies, B., & Peterson, E.B. (2005). Intellectual workers doing neoliberal discourse. In Selby, J. (Ed), Critical Professionals 13. London: Lawrence & Wishart. Deery, S., De Cieri, H. (1991). Determinants of trade union membership in Australia. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 29 (1), 59-73. Deery, S., & Walsh, J. (1999). The decline of collectivism? A comparative study of white-collar employees in Britain and Australia. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 37 (2), 245-269. Desai, A. (2003). Neoliberalism and resistance in South Africa. Monthly Review, 54 (8), 16-29. Durrheim, K., & Painter, D. (2007). Collecting quantitative data. In Terre Blanche, M., Durrheim, K.,& Painter, D. (Eds), Research in practice.(2nd ed.). Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press. Finnemore, M., & Van der Merwe, R. (1992). Introduction to Industrial Relations in South Africa (3rd ed.). Johannesburg: Lexicon. Fullagar, C., Gallagher, D.G., Clark, P.F., & Carroll, A.E. (2004). Union commitment and participation: A ten year longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 730-737. Geare, A., Edgar, F., & McAndrew, I. (2006). Employment relationships: Ideology and HRM practice. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 17, 1190-1208. Geldenhuys, D.J., & Naidoo, V. (2007). Employment Relations (Study Guide 1 for EMPLOYU). Pretoria: University of South Africa. Gordon, M.E., Philpot, J.W., Burt, R.E., Thompson, C.A., & Spiller, W.E. (1980). Commitment to the union: Development of a measure and examination of its correlates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 479-499. Habib, A., & Padyachee, V. (2000). Economic policy and power relations in South Africa‟s transition into democracy. World development, 28 (2). 245-263 A decline in collectivism, unionisation and union influence? Hayes, N. (2000). Doing psychological research. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Hold, K.V., & Webster, E. (2008). Organising on the periphery: new sources of power in the South African workplace. Employee Relations, 30 (4), 333-354. Huff, L., & Kelly, L. (2005). Is collectivism a liability? The impact of culture on organizational trust and customer orientation: a seven nation study. Journal of Business Research, 58 (1), 96-102. Hwang, A,. Francesco, A.M. & Kessler, E. (2003). The relationship between individualismcollectivism, face and feedback and learning processes in Hong Kong, Singapore and the United States. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, 34 (1), 72-91. Kelly, J (1996). Union militancy and social partnership. In Ackers, P, Smith, C, Smith, P (Eds), The New Workplace and Trade Unionism. London: Routledge. Kelly, J. (1997). The future of trade unionism: injustice, identity and attribution. Employee Relations, 19 (5), 400-414. Kelly, J. (1998). Rethinking industrial relations : Mobilization, Collectivism and Long Waves. London: Routledge. Kelly, K. (2007). From encounter to text: Collecting data in qualitative research. In Terre Blanche, M., Durrheim, K.,& Painter, D. (Eds), Research in practice.(2nd ed.). Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press. Marks, M., & Flemming, J. (2008). Having a voice: The quest for democratic policing in Southern Africa. Journal of Organisational Change Management, 21 (4), 451-459. Marshall, M.N. (1996). 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