The Role Of Ww1 In The Decline Of The Romanov Dynasty
Topic 1- Decline and fall of the Romanov dynasty
Syllabus outline
Nicholas II as autocrat
Political, social and economic grievances in early 20th century Russia
The tsar’s failure to address the problems of Russia
The role of WWI in the fall of the tsarist regime
Focus questions
How stable was the social basis of tsarist rule?
Why was the government unable to meet the challenges emerging in the first decade and a half century?
How important were the Bolsheviks before 1917?
What effect did WWI have on the tsarist government?
The paradox
The last years of imperial Russia were characterized by a paradox. Externally, Russia appeared very strong. There had been substantial growth economically and her military force was large. But internally, …show more content…
Orthodoxy→ church supported the divine right of the tsar and exhorted believers to obey the tsar as an agent of god
Social structure of Russia 1900
Nobility- 1%, owned 35$ of all land. Some had important jobs in government or in the army but were often there more on their position on society
Middle class- 0.5%, though small in number, there was a growing class of merchants, bankers and industrialists as industry and commerce developed. The professional class (doctors, teachers, lawyers) was growing and beginning to play a significant role in local government, lawyers particularly in politics
Urban workers- 10.7%, most young males. Literacy among them was 57.8%, twice national average. Were particularly receptive to revolutionary ideas. Low wages and poor working conditions
Peasants- 77%, poor, illiterate and uneducated. Widespread epidemics of typhus and diphtheria. Many lived in debt and squalor. Most got by in good farming years but in years with poor harvest, widespread starvation e.g. 1891, 400 000 died.
Industrialisation
Russia embarked on industrial development in order to strengthen its defences
It was begun in 1861 but was accelerated by the efforts of Sergei Witte
Main impetus was from government policy. It had 4 main …show more content…
Petersburg begins the 1905 Russian Revolution
October 17 (October 30 NS) - The October Manifesto, issued by Tzar Nicholas II, brings an end to the 1905 Russian Revolution by promising civil liberties and an elected parliament (Duma)
1906
April 23 (May 6 NS) - A constitution (the Fundamental Laws of 1906) is created, reflecting the promises made in the October Manifesto
1914
July 15 (July 28 NS) - World War I begins
1915
September 5 (September 18 NS) - Tzar Nicholas II assumes supreme command of the Russian Army
1916
December 17 (December 30) - Rasputin is murdered
1917
February 23-27 (March 8-12 NS) - The February Revolution begins with strikes, demonstrations, and mutinies in Petrograd (also called the March Revolution if following the Gregorian
Syllabus outline
Nicholas II as autocrat
Political, social and economic grievances in early 20th century Russia
The tsar’s failure to address the problems of Russia
The role of WWI in the fall of the tsarist regime
Focus questions
How stable was the social basis of tsarist rule?
Why was the government unable to meet the challenges emerging in the first decade and a half century?
How important were the Bolsheviks before 1917?
What effect did WWI have on the tsarist government?
The paradox
The last years of imperial Russia were characterized by a paradox. Externally, Russia appeared very strong. There had been substantial growth economically and her military force was large. But internally, …show more content…
Orthodoxy→ church supported the divine right of the tsar and exhorted believers to obey the tsar as an agent of god
Social structure of Russia 1900
Nobility- 1%, owned 35$ of all land. Some had important jobs in government or in the army but were often there more on their position on society
Middle class- 0.5%, though small in number, there was a growing class of merchants, bankers and industrialists as industry and commerce developed. The professional class (doctors, teachers, lawyers) was growing and beginning to play a significant role in local government, lawyers particularly in politics
Urban workers- 10.7%, most young males. Literacy among them was 57.8%, twice national average. Were particularly receptive to revolutionary ideas. Low wages and poor working conditions
Peasants- 77%, poor, illiterate and uneducated. Widespread epidemics of typhus and diphtheria. Many lived in debt and squalor. Most got by in good farming years but in years with poor harvest, widespread starvation e.g. 1891, 400 000 died.
Industrialisation
Russia embarked on industrial development in order to strengthen its defences
It was begun in 1861 but was accelerated by the efforts of Sergei Witte
Main impetus was from government policy. It had 4 main …show more content…
Petersburg begins the 1905 Russian Revolution
October 17 (October 30 NS) - The October Manifesto, issued by Tzar Nicholas II, brings an end to the 1905 Russian Revolution by promising civil liberties and an elected parliament (Duma)
1906
April 23 (May 6 NS) - A constitution (the Fundamental Laws of 1906) is created, reflecting the promises made in the October Manifesto
1914
July 15 (July 28 NS) - World War I begins
1915
September 5 (September 18 NS) - Tzar Nicholas II assumes supreme command of the Russian Army
1916
December 17 (December 30) - Rasputin is murdered
1917
February 23-27 (March 8-12 NS) - The February Revolution begins with strikes, demonstrations, and mutinies in Petrograd (also called the March Revolution if following the Gregorian