The Separation Of Power In The United States

Although the thirteen colonies were already free and sovereign states, they were not a united nation. These colonies had been governed since 1781 by the Articles of Confederation, a constitution that established a weak central government. According to the Articles of Confederation, Congress, which was composed of representatives of the people, could not enact laws or raise taxes. Moreover, there was no federal judiciary or permanent executive power. Each state was almost independent, meaning that it could even establish its own fiscal barriers. Today, the United States constitutes a federal constitutional republic, with a presidential regime as a form of government based on the separation of powers into three branches, the executive, the legislative,
Under the new constitution came the creation of a Supreme Court and minor federal courts. In addition, it gave executive power to an elected president, but most importantly, it established the principle of a balance power between the three branches of government, the executive, legislative, and judicial. Under this principle, each branch had its own means of counteracting and balancing the activities of others, thus ensuring that none of the three branches could exercise dictatorial authority over government operations. The constitution was accepted in 1788 and it was ratified three years later. The first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights, were added to the constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights guaranteed freedom of expression, the press, religious freedom, the right to assembly, and the right to file lawsuits against the government and a number of individual rights in procedural and judicial
The Legislative Branch consists of the Congress and is composed of two chambers, which meet in the Capitol, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Its members are elected by popular vote and each of them, the representatives and senators, has the same level of power and responsibility within their institutions. The Senate is composed of two members that each state chooses. Under this branch, the Congress had broad powers in internal affairs, including taxation, borrowing and debt repayment, currency minting and the regulation of its value, as well as regulating between federated states. In addition, the Congress helps to establish and monitor the departments and government agencies of the executive. Another important function of this branch is that it establishes the minor federal courts and determines jurisdiction. If the Electoral College fails to grant the majority to one of the presidential candidates, Congress elects the president among the three with the highest number of votes. Moreover, Congress has the power to declare war, establish tariffs and regulate trade with foreign nations. On the other hand, the Senate advises and gives its consent to the presidential treaties and to the appointments of the main executive positions, judges of the Supreme Court, and federal