0892-3310/01
© 2001 Society for Scientific Exploration
The Speed of Thought: Investigation of a Complex Space-Time
Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena
Bay Research Institute
1010 Harriet Street, Palo Alto, CA 94301
“Consciousness is a singular of which the plural is unknown.
There is only one thing, and that which seems to be a plurality is merely a series of different aspects of this one thing, produced by a deception… as in a gallery of mirrors.”
Erwin Schrödinger
What Is Life
Abstract—For more than 100 years scientists have attempted to determine the truth or falsity of claims that some people are able to describe and experience events or information blocked from ordinary perception. For the past 25 years, the authors of this paper—together with researchers in laboratories around the world—have carried out experiments in remote viewing. The evidence for this mode of perception, or direct knowing of distant events and objects, has convinced us of the validity of these claims. It has been widely observed that the accuracy and reliability of this sensory awareness do not diminish with either electromagnetic shielding, or with increases in temporal or spatial separation between the percipient and the target to be described.
Modern physics describes such a time and space independent connection between percipient and target as nonlocal.
In this paper we present a geometrical model of space-time, which has already been extensively studied in the technical literature of mathematics and physics. This eight-dimensional metric is known as “complex Minkowski space” and has been shown to be consistent with our present understanding of the equations of Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and Schrödinger. It also has the interesting property of allowing a connection of zero distance between points in the complex manifold, which appear to be separate from one another in ordinary
References: Aspect, A., Grangier, P., & Roger, G. (1992). Experimental tests of Bell’s inequalities using timevarying analyzers. Physical Review Letters, 49, 1804–1907. Batten, A. H. (1995). A most rare vision: Eddington’s thinking on the relation between science and religion Bell, J. S. (1964). On the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen Paradox. Physics, 1, 195–200. Bell, J. S. (1966). On the problem of hidden variables in quantum theory. Review of Modern Physics, 38, 447. Bem, D., & Honorton, C. (1994). Does psi exist? Replicable evidence for an anomalous process of information transfer Bohm, D., & Hiley, B. (1993). The Undivided Universe (pp. 382–386). London: Routledge. Brier, R. (1974). Precognition and the Philosophy of Science: An Essay on Backward Causation. Chew, G. (1964). The Analytic S-Matrix, Frontiers of Physics. San Francisco: Benjamin. Cox, W. E. (1956). Precognition: An analysis II, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 30, 99–109. Dunne, J. W. (1927). An Experiment with Time, reprint. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads. Dunne, B. J., Jahn, R. G., & Nelson, R. D. (1983). Precognitive Remote Perception, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory (Report). Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., & Rosen, N. (1935). Can a quantum mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Physical Review, 47, 777–780. Feinberg, G. (1967). Possibility of faster-than-light particles. Physical Review, 159, 1089. Freedman, S., & Clauser, J. (1972). Experimental test of local hidden variable theories. Physical Review Letters, 28, 934–941. Garfield, J. L. (1995). The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamakakarika. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gisin, N., Tittel, W., Brendel, J., & Zbinden, H. (1998a). Violation of Bell inequalities by photons more than 10 km apart Gisin, N., Brendel, J., Tittel, W., & Zbinden, H. (1998b). Quantum correlation over more than 10 km Hansen, G. P., Utts, J., & Markwick, B. (1992). Critique of the PEAR remote viewing experiments. Journal of Parapsychology, 56, 97–114. Hansen, R. O., & Newman, E. T. (1975). A complex Minkowski space approach to twisters. General Relativity and Gravity, 6, 361–385. Harris, W. S., Gowada, M., Kolb, J. W., Strychacz, C. P., Vacek, P. L., and Jones, P. G. (1999). A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of remote intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients admitted to the coronary care unit Hayes, R. P. (1994). The Philosophy of Nagarjuna, Nagarjuna’s Appeal. Journal of Indian Philosophy, 22, 299–378. Hixon, L. (1993). Mother of the Buddhas: Meditation on the Prajnaparmita. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books. Honorton, C., & Ferari, D. C. (1989). Future-telling: A meta-analysis of forced-choice precognition experiments. Journal of Parapsychology, 53, 281–209. Jahn, R. G. (1982). The persistent paradox of psychic phenomena: An engineering perspective. Jahn, R. G., & Dunne, B. (1987). Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World Kogan, I. M. (1968). The information theory analysis of telepathic communication experiments. Kozamah, C. N., & Newman, E. T. (1983). A non-local variable for general relativity. In Ning, H. Newman, E. T. (1976). H-Space and its properties. General Relativity and Gravity, 7, 107–111. Newman, E. T., Hansen, R. O., Penrose, R., & Ton, K. P. (1978). The metric and curvature properties of H-space. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A363, 445–468. Patanjali (1983). Sutras. In Prabhavananda, S. & Isherwood, C. (Trans.), How to Know God. Hollywood, CA: Vedanta Press. Prigogine, I. (1997). The End of Certainty. New York: The Free Press. Puthoff, H. E., & Targ, R. (1976). A perceptual channel for information transfer over kilometer distances: Historical perspective and recent research Puthoff, H. E., Targ, R., & May, E. C. (1981). Experimental psi research: Implications for physics. Radin, D. (1997). The Conscious Universe. New York: Harper Collins. Ramon, C., & Rauscher, E. A. (1980). Super-luminal transformation in complex Minkowski space Rao, K. R. (1984). The Basic Experiments in Parapsychology. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Rauscher, E. A. (1979). Some physical models potentially applicable to remote perception. In The Iceland Papers: Frontiers of Physics Conference (pp Rauscher, E. A. (1981). Coherent solutions of the Schrödinger equation in complex eight space. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on the Science, Vol. II (pp. 1407–1731). Rauscher, E. A. (1983). Electromagnetic Phenomena in Complex Geometries and Nonlinear, Non-Hertzian Waves Rauscher, E. A. (2001) Non-Abelian gauge groups for real and complex amended Maxwell’s equations Rhine. L. (1954). Frequency and types of experience in spontaneous precognition. Journal of Parapsychology, 6, 93–123. Schlitz, M., & Gruber, E. (1980). Transcontinental remote viewing. Journal of Parapsychology, 44, 305–317. Scott, A. (1970). Active and Nonlinear Wave Propagation in Electronics. New York: Wiley—Interscience. Sicher, F., Targ, E., Moore, D., & Smith, H. (1998). A randomized double-blind study of the effect of distant healing in a population with advanced AIDS Sinclair, U. (1930). Mental Radio, reprint. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads. 2001. Stapp, H. (1999). In Nadeau, R., & Kafatos, M. (Eds.), The Nonlocal Universe: The New Physics and Matters of the Mind Stokes, D. M. (1987). Theoretical parapsychology (pp. 77–189). In Krippner. S. (Ed.), Advances in Parapsychology—5 Stratton, J. A. (1941). Electromagnetic Theory. New York: McGraw Hill. Targ, R., & Harary, K. (1984). The Mind Race, Understanding and Using Psychic Abilities. New York: Villard Books. Targ, R., & Katra, J. (1998). Miracles of Mind: Exploring Nonlocal Consciousness and Spiritual Healing Targ, R., & Puthoff, H. (1974). Information transfer under conditions of sensory shielding. Nature, 251, 602–607. Utts, J., (1996). An assessment of the evidence for psychic functioning. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 10, 3–30.