Cask: It is a symbol of death, it holds the bodies of the dead and lets them rest. In this case, it was the lure for Furtunato, brought him to his own death in the end. He wasn't placed in the cask but it did cause him to accidentally die.
Fortunato: The name means fortunate but the exact opposite happens to the character. It may not be a symbol but I found it interesting nonetheless.
Amontillado, alcoholism: In this case it was a symbol of death, happiness and misfortune. It lead the two characters to the catacombs to find it. When they did, Fortunato fell into the darkness.
I think