key words: public space (what does public mean) freedom/independence from the absolute authority, logic/reasoning the power of government/ authority the people ( middle/lower class, the mob, the crowd) organizations, gatherings historic preservation (why was it preserved, how was preserved and altered) nature vs. manmade; the necessity to introduce and preserve/empower nature the capital ritual foreign influence (both western and Japan)
Through a series of analysis of the primary sources as well as drawing connection with secondary sources, the research seeks to explore the larger connotation of “public” and “citizenship” in the development of urbanization and modernization