Typically, hedging strategies are implemented as a means of protection. The dictionary tells us that hedging strategies involve making counterbalancing investments in order to avoid a loss. With regards to the futures market, hedging strategies involve a position in the market that is the opposite of an entity’s current position. Any gain or loss in the cash market is usually followed by a counterbalanced effect in the futures market since the two markets tend to move up and down together. The counterbalanced movement of the two markets is not necessarily identical, but it is usually enough to mitigate the risk of significant loss in the cash market. Hedging is common for farmers or livestock producers that need protection against price drops in livestock or in crops, and also for protection against price increases on purchased inputs such as fertilizer. Like the farmers seeking hedging strategies to mitigate the risks that come with rising prices of purchased goods, Thomas Foods hopes to do the same for the goods they purchase from the farmers.…
In commodities, such as oil, the price is determined in the commodities futures market. The futures market are a way to pay for something today that is delivered tomorrow, which helps to remove some of the volatility in the United States economy. However, futures also increase the trader’s leverage by allowing him to borrow the money to purchase the commodity.…
Commodities future is an agreement in which to buy or sell a commodity prices change on a daily basis. It is like of the prices do up then the buyer makes money. The reason for this is because he gets a product for a lower price and then sells it at today’s higher price. The way commodities future is by being traded in an open market is that the values are set by commodities traders and analysts that spend all day researching their particular commodity and their forecasts are based on the information for today.…
Traders for years have speculated in the commodity future markets; however the future markets are not for investors with a modest-sized investment nest-egg and are not well suited to a long-term investment strategy due to the need to roll over expiring future contracts. Exchange-traded product(E.T.P), on the other hand, generally have no leverage and are therefore a much less risky way to play the commodity markets.…
These assist investors prevent high-risk gambles and allows them to make the right decisions when deciding on which companies to invest in. The Commodity Future Trading Commission regulates the product futures and options markets. Its target includes the promotion of competitive and efficient futures markets and the protection of investors against manipulation, abusive trade scheme and fraud (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). Both the SEC and the CFTC played a role in investigating the massive trading losses in the case of JPMorgan Chase. The SEC’s investigation could only focus on the suitability and completeness of…
If an equity portfolio is hedged with the appropriate futures contract sold short, any decline in the value of the equity shares will be offsets by an increase in the value of the future position. If the value of the equity shares rises, the corresponding futures contracts will lose value. At a certain level of futures loss additional deposits will be required to keep the contract open. If the portfolio rises in value, the cost of the hedging will increase in proportion to the portfolio increase.…
Show how transactions in derivatives can be used to either hedge risk or to open speculative positions.…
Some people want to make money like in the stock market that’s a speculative risk because you never know when the stock market will go up or down.…
Firstly, speculation means that people invest in a business and buy shares in a hope that the business will make a profit and therefore make a profit on their shares. In America, in the roaring twenties, people saw speculation as a ‘get rich quick scheme.’…
If the firm hedges itself from the interest rate fluctuations, then the loss that would be caused due to the savings certificate rollover at a high interest rate would be offset by the futures position.…
Two types of hedging strategies that the Controller should become familiar with are cash flow hedges and fair value hedges. Cash flow hedges relate to forecasted transactions where the effective portions of the hedge is initially reported in other comprehensive income and are later reclassified into earnings any portion of the hedge that is ineffective is reported currently in earnings (FASB ASC 815-30, 2010). Fair value hedges can be associated with…
Negative Outlook: Fitch Ratings‟ outlook for the Indian edible oil industry in 2012 is negative. The agency expects higher revenue growth led by firm pricing on global cues of lower stock to consumption ratio to be offset against higher input costs resulting in margin pressures. Fitch expects the margin pressures coupled with higher working-capital needs and expansion plans to exert pressure on the liquidity profiles of most edible oil companies. Prices to Remain Firm: Fitch expects the prices of most edible oils will remain firm. A limited increase in global crude palm oil (CPO) production expected by Fitch will be off-set by higher demand from India and China. Soyabean production growth is likely to be lower in 2012 due to poor weather conditions in South America. Further Fitch expects overall production of mustard and groundnut oilseeds to decline due to lower acreage and yields that would result in lower crushing and output. Refining to Boost Trading: Reduction in export duty on refined palm oil and increase in duty on CPO by Indonesia is likely to result in lower capacity utilisation for refiners and a surge in trade of refined palm oil. Margin Pressure: The operating margins of established companies (particularly refiners) would be squeezed by competition from even small-sized, refined palm oil importers. However, companies with backward integration extending to the plantation level would have increased control over supplies and be in a better position to mitigate this risk to an extent. Fitch expects margin pressures in other edible oils (excluding palm) when palm oil is available at a significant price discount (more than 20%) to the other edible oils. Liquidity Pressure: Most edible oil companies will have lower operating cash flow (CFO) over 2012. This, coupled with higher working-capital needs (on account of increased…
Futures market as a risk management tool existed in India for more than a century. Commodity derivative market has been organised in commodities permitted by the government. Apart from setting up of de-mutualised multi-commodity exchange and expanding the list of commodities in the exchange, there are empirical evidences carried out in research papers that reveal the changing scenario of the Indian futures market. Gopal Naik, Sudhirkumar Jain (2002) , explains the performance of Indian commodity futures market prior to 2003 (when futures trading began in full fledged manner) and the performance of the market varied depending on commodities, exchanges and contracts. This paper was undertaken in 2002, before majority of commodities started trading at their full potential in the exchange however it revealed the potential for performing the functions of price discovery and risk management by the futures…
short–term (buy and hold vs. buy and sell) • It is often impossible to distinguish between “ legitimate” and “illegitimate” speculation • It cannot be eliminated, even though many political leaders have expressed the desire to do so…
Options & Futures I. Introduction to Derivatives Prof. Domenico Cuoco Term 5, 2013 What is a Derivative? Basic Types of Derivatives The Market for Derivatives Outline 1 What is a Derivative? 2 Basic Types of Derivatives 3…