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the world is flat

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the world is flat
“THE WORLD IS FLAT:
In his book, The World is Flat, Pulitzer Prize-winning author
Thomas Friedman argues that globalization and its technological advances have increasingly “flattened” the world by reducing barriers among states, individuals and corporations, and by creating more and more economic interdependence and global integration. This process is not a new one. It began in 1492 when Columbus discovered America and opened up trade between the old world and the new world, and developed throughout three main stages: 1492 to 1800, 1800 to 2000, and 2000 to the present day. However, it has only been in the third stage - the present era - that globalization has brought about considerable changes at an unprecedented speed.
Globalization is presented as an increasingly free flow of readily available technology, ideas, markets, and people. Friedman argues that global integration has reached unparalleled levels, which have enabled countries like China, India and Russia to develop the fastest growing economies in the world. The speed at which these changes are occurring fosters creativity and imagination, and requires individuals, as well as countries and companies, to continuously reinvent and adapt themselves.
The opening of markets has led to the availability of cheaper labor.
Therefore, creativity, adaptability and imagination are essential for the continued development of individuals, companies and countries.
Friedman argues that countries like China, India and Russia are taking full advantage of the tools of globalization, which is why they are so successful in the global era. America, on the contrary, is not adapting to these fast changes. In order to maintain US leadership in the current stage of globalization, America and its citizens have to invest more in the technological, engineering and scientific sectors, because they are keys to economic growth in the present era.
Friedman sees globalization as a positive phenomenon, because

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