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Theoretical Perspective of Local Government

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Theoretical Perspective of Local Government
Theoretical perspective of Local government By Adnan ul Haq

Introduction:
In the process of decision making, the intensification by the participation of masses and democratization’s process are two essential aspects that defend the local government’s existence. Without local government’s system it is not possible to consider any political system to be complete and entirely democratic.

The two-fold essentialities (purposes) that local government serves are (a) supplying goods and services come under administrative purpose, (b) the representation and the involvement of masses in locating particular public need and objectivity to understand how these needs can be met. The administration and representation at local levels inside the structure of local government is connected and formulated by the process of representatives at local government. For the enhancement of creating a better understanding about the local government’s structure and functions, it is essential to elaborate and define local government and create awareness about local government values and democracy. The importance and the essentiality of local government will be concentrated on by keeping in mind the aspects of local government so that the attentions are drawn towards the distinctive local government’s structure as the fundamental framework of the local government is formed by the local government’s administrative structure where the determination and implementation of public policy take place at local level. Hence the attentions are directed towards the councils’ composition and activities performed by these councils.

Defining a local government:
As an element of decentralization, local government is a result of devolution. Olowu (1988; 12) states: in the context of literature, there are two advances to define the local government. In aspect of comparative studies, under the central government, all those national structures are regarded as central government. In the second approach,



Bibliography: * Charlick, R. B. (1992) “Popular Participation and Local Government Reform: Public Administration and Development, 21, PP 3 * Cheema, G.S * Gomme, G.L., (1987) “Lectures on the principles of the local government”, delivered at London school of Economics, Lent term 1987, Westminister, whithall garden. PP 1-2 * Halfani, M * Harphan, T. & Boeteng, K.A., (1997), Urban governance in relation to the operation of urban servicesin developing countries. Habitat International, V. 21, n. 1, PP 65-77 * Held, D., (1987), Models of democracy * Holm, J.D., (1971), Dimension of mass politics. Boulder: Westview Press. PP- 60-62 * Holm, J.D., (1989), Elctions and democracy in Botswana * Landell-Mills, P. & Serageldin, I. (1991). Governance and the development process. Finance and Development, 28(3), PP 13–24. * Laski, H., (1931), Democracy in crisis. Chapel Hill. PP 30-31 * Laski, H.J., (1936), Faith, reason and civilisation: an essay in historical analysis * Latib, S., (1995), Accountability, In F. Cloete and J. Mokgoro (eds). Policies for Public services transformation. Kenwyn: Juta & co. Ltd * Leftwich,, A * Olowu, D. (1988) African Local Governments as Instruments of Economic and Social Development, No. 1415, The Hague, International Union of Local Authorities, PP 10-17. * Marshall, A. (1965), Financial administration of Local Government. George Allen & Unwin, London. PP 1-5. * Mawood, P * Meyer, J. (1978) local government law- Volume 1- General principles. Durban, Butterworth. * Robson, W., (1916) Aircraft in War and Peace. London, Macmillan * Robson W (1937) “The development of Local Government” * Rondinelli et al (1981) “Government decentralization in comperative perspective”, International Review of Admisitrative Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 2, PP. 133-145 * Smith, B.C., (1985), Decentralization: the territorial dimension of the state * Stewart, J., (1983), Local government: the conditions of local choice. London: George Alleg & Unwin. PP 5-10 * Heymans, C * The World Bank, (1989). Urban and Local Government Strategy. Washington, D.C. * The World Bank, (1989) Strengthening Local Governments in Sub-Saharan Africa: Proceedings of Two Workshops, Washington, D.C. * Tocqueville, A. de (1955). The old regime and the French revolution (S. Gilbert, Trans.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. * Wraith, R., (1972) Local Administration in West Africa. George & Unwin, London. PP 64-65

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