Theories of Knowledge and Psychological Applications
Theories of Knowledge and Psychological Applications
Robin A. Finlayson University of Saskatchewan Ed.Psy: 855.3: Advanced Educational Psychology October 16, 1996
How individuals are able to obtain knowledge is something that psychologists have studied for a number of years. The ability to store and retrieve knowledge provides individuals with the propensity to form logical thought, express emotions and internalize the world around them. In order for a psychologist to understand the theories of knowledge it is necessary to investigate the aspects of the theories. In this paper we examine the history , the basic construct, the similarities of the theories and how those theories relate to psychological therapies. History of the theories The neural network model attempts to explain that which is known about the retention and retrieval of knowledge. Neural network models have been examined for a number of years. In the mid 1940 's and 1950 's the first of the network models began to appear. These publications introduced the first models of neural networks as computing machines, the basic model of a self-organizing network (Arbib, 1995). In 1943 McCulloch and Pitts published their model theory ( Arbib, 1995). In
1948 Rashevsky proposed a number of neural network models to explain psychological phenomena. During this era not enough was known about the brain, subsequently he was considered ahead of his time. Rashevsky relied heavily upon complex mathematical equations within his model, consequently many people simply did not understand his theoretical perspective ( Martindale, 1991). In 1958
Rosenblatt proposed his theory on neural network models which focused on perception. The theory elicited a great deal of interest; however it was considered too simple to sufficiently explain all aspects of perception (Arbib,
1995).
As a result of the lack of acceptance, neural network models "fell out of fashion"(Martindale, 1991, P.12). For a nine
Robin A. Finlayson University of Saskatchewan Ed.Psy: 855.3: Advanced Educational Psychology October 16, 1996
How individuals are able to obtain knowledge is something that psychologists have studied for a number of years. The ability to store and retrieve knowledge provides individuals with the propensity to form logical thought, express emotions and internalize the world around them. In order for a psychologist to understand the theories of knowledge it is necessary to investigate the aspects of the theories. In this paper we examine the history , the basic construct, the similarities of the theories and how those theories relate to psychological therapies. History of the theories The neural network model attempts to explain that which is known about the retention and retrieval of knowledge. Neural network models have been examined for a number of years. In the mid 1940 's and 1950 's the first of the network models began to appear. These publications introduced the first models of neural networks as computing machines, the basic model of a self-organizing network (Arbib, 1995). In 1943 McCulloch and Pitts published their model theory ( Arbib, 1995). In
1948 Rashevsky proposed a number of neural network models to explain psychological phenomena. During this era not enough was known about the brain, subsequently he was considered ahead of his time. Rashevsky relied heavily upon complex mathematical equations within his model, consequently many people simply did not understand his theoretical perspective ( Martindale, 1991). In 1958
Rosenblatt proposed his theory on neural network models which focused on perception. The theory elicited a great deal of interest; however it was considered too simple to sufficiently explain all aspects of perception (Arbib,
1995).
As a result of the lack of acceptance, neural network models "fell out of fashion"(Martindale, 1991, P.12). For a nine
References: Arbib, M. (1995). The hand book of brain theories and neural networks. Cambridge, MA: MIT press. Lusebrink, V. (1990). Imagery and visual expression in therapy. New York: Plenum press. Martindale, C. (1991). Cognitive psychology a neural-network approach. Belmont,CA: Brooks/Cole. McClelland, J., & Rumelhart, D. (1988). Explorations in parallel distributed processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT press. Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations a dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.