This Is Complete and Utter Crap

Chapter 6 The Roman Empire - Study Guides
Go to the content page or to your books and read on the Roman Culture- Chapter 6. Make short notes on each of the topics below. Pay special attention to the terms included under the topics.. 1. Hellenistic Empires

Phillip of Macedonia - Macedonian king who was held hostage in Greece, spent several years there, then returned to conquer it all. He was making ready to invade Persia when he was assassinated. His son, Alexander, finished the job and went a little bit further.

Alexander the Great - Macedonian general whose conquests equaled the majority of the known world. He defeated the great Persian emperor Darius twice, in humiliating fashion, then took over the Persian Empire. He was welcomed as a conquering hero in Egypt, which he ruled by acclimation from his new capital of Alexandria. He led his troops thousands of miles from him, into the wilds of India. In the process, he brought Greek culture to the rest of the world. This was his lasting achievement. He achieved all this in less than 20 years. In fact, he died at age 33.

Zeno - originally named Tarasis, was Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491. Domestic revolts and religious dissension plagued his reign, which nevertheless succeeded to some extent in foreign issues. His reign saw the end of the Western Roman Empire under Julius Nepos and Romulus Augustus, but he contributed much to stabilizing the eastern Empire.

Stoicism- The Stoic God - was a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not suffer such emotions..

Epicureanism-Epicurus- Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus, founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His determinism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. Following Aristippus—about whom very little is known—Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest pleasures in order to attain a state of tranquility (ataraxia) and freedom from fear, as well as absence of bodily pain (aponia) through knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of one's desires.

2. The Rise of the Republic.
Plebians - The plebeians were the lower class. Nicknamed "plebs", the plebeians included everyone in ancient Rome (except for the nobility, the patricians) from well-to-do tradesmen all the way down to the very poor.

Patricians - The patricians were the upper class, the nobility and wealthy land owners.

Dictator - the dictator (“one who dictates”), was an extraordinary magistrate (magistratus extraordinarius) with the absolute authority to perform tasks beyond the authority of the ordinary magistrate (magistratus ordinarius).The office of dictator was a legal innovation originally named Magister Populi (Master of the People), i.e. Master of the Citizen Army.

Centuriate - the democratic assembly of Roman soldiers. During the years of the Roman Republic, citizens were organized on the basis of Centuries for military purposes. The Centuries gathered into the Century Assembly for legislative, electoral, and judicial purposes. The majority of votes in any Century decided how that Century voted. Each Century received one vote, regardless of how many electors each Century held. Once a majority of Centuries voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended, and the matter was decided

Tribal Assembly - of the Roman Republic was the democratic assembly of Roman citizens. During the years of the Roman Republic, citizens were organized on the basis of thirty-five Tribes: Four Tribes (the "Urban Tribes") encompassed citizens inside the city of Rome, while the other thirty-one Tribes (the "Rural Tribes") encompassed citizens outside of the city of Rome. The Tribes gathered into the Tribal Assembly for legislative, electoral, and judicial purposes.

3. The Wars with Carthage

1st Punic War- was the first of three major wars fought between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic. For 23 years, the two powers struggled for supremacy in the western Mediterranean Sea, primarily on the Mediterranean island of Sicily and its surrounding waters but also to a lesser extent in the Apennine peninsula and North Africa. Carthage, located in what is today Tunisia, was the dominant Western Mediterranean power at the beginning of the conflicts. However, the Roman Republic eventually emerged as the victor, imposing strict treaty conditions and heavy financial penalties against Carthage

2nd Punic War- also referred to as The Hannibalic War and (by the Romans) The War Against Hannibal, lasted from 218 to 202 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the participation of the Berbers on Carthage's side. The two states had three major conflicts against each other over the courses of their existences. They are called the "Punic Wars" because Rome's name for Carthaginians was Punici, due to their Phoenician ancestry and their wide involvement with the Berbers

3rd Punic War- the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Roman Republic. The Punic Wars were named because of the Roman name for Carthaginians: Punici, or Poenici. but resulted in the complete destruction of the city of Carthage, the annexation of all remaining Carthaginian territory by Rome, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population. The Third Punic War ended Carthage's independent existence.

4. The Fall of the Republic
Pompey
Julius Caesar
Cassius
Brutus
Dictator for life
Octavius
Mark Antony
Lepidus
5. Augustus Caesar
Roman Government
Princeps
Senate
Pax Romana
Roman Law
6. Cicero
Duties of the Republic
The Question Of Slavery The Question of Women
7. Roman Art and Architecture
A. Roman Art
The Orator- Arringatore
The Alter of the Peace of Augustus- The Ara Pacis Augustae
The Spoils from the Temple of Jerusalem
B. Roman Architecture-
The Arch barrel vault groin vault dome forum basilica 8. Roman Literature
A.Vergil- Publius Vergilius Maro70-19 BC
Aeneid- Book 4- See also class handout
Aeneas
Dido
Juno
Venus
Jupiter
B. Ovid- Publius Ovidius Naso-Art of Love
The Metamorphosis-
Pygmalion and Galatea -Also see class handout
C. Horace- Quintus Horatius Flaccus- My Slave is free to speak up for Himself
Poetry- pleasing and useful
Satire- Satura
Art of Poetry