Timbol

Timbol, Ma. Alma R.
Tour 1B

1. Emilio Aguinaldo 1899-1901

One way to remember the first president of the Philippines First Republic is to look at the five peso coin. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's face used to grace the five peso bill (which is not used anymore). The back of the bill shows him holding the Philippine flag at the celebration of the Philippine Independence Day.
Contributions and Achievements: first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolo Republic) signed the Pact of Biak na Bato known as the President of the Revolutionary Government fought against the Spanish and Americans to retain Philippine independence youngest president, taking office at age 28 longest-lived president, passing away at 94

2. Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-1944

Manuel Luis Quezon is known as the “Father of National Language” (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa). He served as the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.
Contributions and Achievements: first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines first president elected through a national election first president under the Commonwealth created National Council of Education initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth made Tagalog/Filipino the national language of the Philippines appears on the twenty-peso bill a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named after him his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle

3. José P. Laurel, 1943-1945

José P. Laurel was officially the government's caretaker during the Japanese occupation of World War II. He was the only Filipino president to have been shot outside of combat.
Contributions and Achievements: considered a legitimate president of the Philippines organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas). declared Martial Law in 1944 with his family, established the Lyceum of the Philippines
4. Sergio Osmeña, 1944-1946

Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund.
Contributions and Achievements: became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office first Visayan to become president joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese occupation
Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund during his presidency
Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his presidency appears on the 50-peso bill
5. Manuel Roxas, 1946-1948

Manuel Roxas was the fifth president of the Philippines: the third (and last) president under the Commonwealth, and the first president of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He held office for only one year, 10 months, and 18 days.
Contributions and Achievements: inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by Congress appears on the 100-peso bill
6. Elpidio Quirino, 1948-1953

Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino became president.
Contributions and Achievements:
Hukbalahap movement active during his presidency created Social Security Commission created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in 1948
7. Ramon Magsaysay, 1953-1957

Ramon Magsaysay was born in Iba, Zambales. He was a military governor and an engineer. He died in an aircraft disaster while boarding the presidential plane.
Contributions and Achievements: chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog during inauguration presidency referred to as the Philippines' "Golden Years" for its lack of corruption
Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries during his presidency established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among other agrarian reforms
8. Carlos P. Garcia, 1957-1961

A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia also served as a guerilla leader during the Pacific War. Born in Bohol, Garcia serviced as vice president under Ramon Magsaysay and as secretary of Foreign Affairs for four years. He became president when Magsaysay died in 1957.
Contributions and Achievements: known for “Filipino First Policy” established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol” cultural arts was revived during his term was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
9. Diosdado Macapagal, 1961-1965

Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal was a lawyer and professor. His daughter Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, and second female, president of the Philippines.
Contributions and Achievements: established the first Land Reform Law placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day signed the Minimum Wage Law created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank
10. Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-1886

Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for three years. He was president for 21 years. He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was known for its corruption and brutality. Marcos was removed from office after the People Power Revolution.
Contributions and Achievements: first president to win a second term declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972 increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972 by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other infrastructure than all former presidents combined the only president whose remains are interred inside a refrigerated crypt
11. Corazon Aquino, 1986-1992

The first woman president of the Philippines and the first woman to become president of an Asian country, Corazon Aquino was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. She was a prominent figure in the People Power Revolution that brought down Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship. Her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr., was a senator during the Marcos regime and its strongest critic. He was assassinated while Marcos was still in power.
Contributions and Achievements: first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country restored democracy abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new Constitution of the Philippines reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government signed the Family Code of 1987 and 1191 Local Government Code initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband Benigno Aquino
Received honors and awards including:
100 Women Who Shaped World History
20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century
65 Great Asian Heroes
J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding
12. Fidel V. Ramos, 1992-1998

Fidel V. Ramos was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines before he became president. He was also a civil engineer. As president, he restored economic growth and stability in the country, even during the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. He is the first, and so far the only, non-Catholic president of the Philippines.
Contributions and Achievements: oversaw Philippine economic growth presided over celebrations of Philippine Independence Centennial in 1998 received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) led the fourth APEC Summit held in the Philippines
Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency death penalty reinstated while he was in office signed peace agreement with the Moro National Liberation Front
13. Joseph Estrada, 1998-2001

Known as Erap, Joseph Estrada was the first president who had been a famous film actor. His presidency was controversial. During his years in office economic growth was slow and he faced impeachment proceedings. He was ousted from the presidency in 2001. He was later convicted of stealing from the government but was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010.
Contributions and Achievements: during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps were captured joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987 Constitution cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989 among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate the agreement that allows for U.S. control of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base
14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001-2010

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, president of the Philippines (and the second female president). The Oakwood Mutiny occurred during her term. Arroyo oversaw road and infrastructure improvements and higher economic growth that presidents before her, but there was also controversy. The so-called "Hello Garci" controversy involved recordings that allegedly captured Arroyo ordering the rigging of the election that put her in office. In 2005 Arroyo faced impeachment proceedings related to the recordings but the impeachment failed. After she had left office Arroyo faced additional charges of election fraud and misuse of state funds.
Contributions and Achievements: second female president of the country first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far first president to take oath outside Luzon former Economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University, where Noynoy Aduino was one of her students ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, where she maintained Dean’s list status oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents before her peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007 eVAT Law was implemented under her term currently on the 200-peso bill
15. Benigno Aquino III, 2010-present

Benigno Aquino III joined the House of Representatives and the Senate before his presidency. He is the first president who is a bachelor; he is unmarried and has no children.
Contributions and Achievements: created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy assigned the notable Jesse Robredo to serve as secretary of Interior and Local Government in 2010. initiated K-12 education in the Philippines renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to Presidential Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers suspended allowances and bonuses to Government Owed and Controlled Corporation and Government Financial Institution board members oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012