time expressions

TIME EXPRESSIONS:
Active and passive

PRESENT TIME

Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative

TO BE am S + is are
You are kind. am not S+ isn’t aren’t
You aren’t kind. am is + S + ? are
Are you kind?

TO HAVE GOT has
S + have + got
She has got a car. hasn’t
S+ haven’t + got
She hasn’t got a car.
Has
Have + S + got +?
Has she got a car?

PRESENT SIMPLE

S + V (-s 3rd p.s)
I write books.

am
S + is + Part. are
Books are written. do
S + does + V(inf)
I don’t write books.

am not
S + isn’t + Part aren’t
Books aren’t written.
Do
Does + S + V(inf) + ?
Do you write books?

am is + S + Part + ? are
Are books written?

PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
am
S + is + V(ing) are
I’m dancing a song.

am
S + is + being + Part. are
A song is being danced. am not
S + isn’t + V(ing) aren’t
I’m not dancing a song.

am not
S + isn’t + being + Part. aren’t
A song isn’t being danced. am is + S + V(ing) + ? are Are you dancing a song?

are
Is + S + being + Part+? am Is a song being danced?

PAST TIME

Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative

TO BE was S + were
We were tired. weren’t S+ wasn’t
We weren’t tired. was were + S + ?
Were you tired?

TO HAVE GOT
S + had + got
I had got a dog.
S+ didn’t + have +got
I didn’t have got a dog.
Had + S + got +?
Have you got a dog.

PAST
SIMPLE
S + V (past)
I wrote a book.

was
S + were + part.
A book was written.
S + didn’t + V(inf)
I didn’t write a book.

weren’t
S + wasn’t + part
A book wasn’t written.
Did + S + V(inf) + ?
Did you write a book?

were was + S + part + ?
Was the book written?

PAST
CONTINUOUS
was
S + were +V(ing)
He was singing a song.

was
S + were + being + part A song was being sung. wasn’t
S + weren’t + V(ing)
He wasn’t singing a song.

wasn’t
S + weren’t + being + part
A song wasn’t being sung. was were + S + V(ing)
Was he singing a song?

was were + S + being + part?
Was a song being sung?

USED TO
S+ used to + V(inf)
He used to sing a song.

S + used to + be + part
A song used to be sung.
S + didn’t + use to + +V(inf)
He didn’t use to sing a song.

S + didn’t use to be + part
A song didn’t use to be sung.
Did + S + use to +
+V(inf) + ?
Did he use to sing a song?

Did + S + use to + be+ part+?
Did a song use to be sung?

PRESENT PERFECT has
S+ have +part
I have written books.

has
S + have + been + part
Books have been written. haven’t
S + hasn’t + part
I haven’t written books.

hasn’t
S + haven’t + been + part
Books haven’t been written. Have
Has + S + part + ?
Have you written books?

Has
Have + S + been + part+?
Have books been written?

PAST
PERFECT
S + had + V(part)
I had written books.

S + had + been + part
Books had been written.
S + had not + V(part)
I hadn’t written books.

S + hadn’t + been + part
Books hadn’t been written.
Had+ S+ V(part)+ ?
Had you written books?

Had + S + been + part+?
Had books been written?

PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS has
S+ have+ been + V(ing)
I have been writing books.

has
S+ have +been +being+part
Books have been being written. hasn’t
S+ haven’t + been + +V(ing)
I haven’t been writing books

haven’t
S + hasn’t + been + being + +part
Books haven’t been being written. Has
Have + S + been + V(ing)+ ?
Have you been writing books?

Have
Has + S + been + being + part?
Have books been being written?

FUTURE TIME

Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative

WILL
S + will + V(inf)
I’ll write books.

S + will + be + part
Books will be written.
S+ won’t + V(inf)
I won’t write books.

S + won’t + be + part
Books won’t be written. will + S + V(inf) + ?
Will you write books?

will + S + be + part+? will books be written?

GOING TO
S + am/is/are + going to + V(inf)
I’m going to write books.

S + am/is/are + going to + be + part
Books are going to be written.
S + am not/ isn’t/ /aren’t + going to + +V(inf)
I’m not going to write books.

S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + going to + be + part
Books aren’t going to be written. am/is/are + S + +going to + V(inf) +?
Are you going to write books?

am/is/are + S + going to + be + part + ?
Are books going to be written?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
S+ will+ be+ V(ing)
I will be writing books.

S + will + be + being + part
Books will be being written
S+ won’t +be+ V(ing)
I won’t be writing books.

S + won’t + be + being +part
Books won’t be being writing. will + S + be + V(ing) +?
Will you be writing books?

Will + S + be + being + part?
Will books be being written?

FUTURE PERFECT

has
S+ will + have+ V(parti)
I will have written books.

S + will+ have+been + part
Books will have been written has
S+ won’t + have + V(parti)
I won’t have written.

S+won’t + have+ been+part
Books won’t have been written. have will+ S+ has +V(parti) + ?
Will you have written books?

Will+S+ have+ been + part? will books’ve been written?

FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
has
S+will +have + been + V(ing)
I will have been writing books.

S+will+have+been+being+part
Books will have been being written. has
S+ won’t+ have + + been + V(ing)
I won’t have been writing books.
S+won’t+have+been+ being + part
Books won’t have been being written. has will+ S+ have + been + V(ing)+ ?
Will you have been writing books?
Will + S+have+been + being + part+?
Will books have been being written?
CONDITIONAL TIME

Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative

WOULD
S+ would +V(inf)
I would write books.

S + would + be + part
Books would be written.
S+ wouldn’t + V(inf)
I wouldn’t write books.

S + wouldn’t + be + part
Books wouldn’t be written. would + S + V(inf) + ?
Would you write books?

Would + S+ be + part?
Would books be written?

MODAL VERBS

Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative

CAN
S + can + V(inf)
I can write books.

S + can + be + part
Books can be written.
S+ can’t + V(inf)
I can’t write books.

S + can’t+ be + part
Books can’t be written.
Can + S + V(inf)+?
Can you write books?

Can + S + be +part?
Can books be written?

COULD
S + could + V(inf)
I could write books.

S + could + be + part
Books could be written.
S+ couldn’t + V(inf)
I couldn’t write books.

S + couldn’t+ be + part
Books couldn’t be written.
Could + S + V(inf)+?
Could you write books?

Could + S + be +part?
Could books be written?

MAY
S + may + V(inf)
I may write books.

S + may + be + part
Books may be written.
S+ may not + V(inf)
I may not write books.

S + may not + be + part
Books may not be written.
May + S + V(inf)+?
May you write books?

May + S + be +part?
May books be written??

MIGHT
S + might + V(inf)
I might write books.

S + might + be + part
Books might be written.
S+ might not + V(inf)
I might not write books.

S + might not+ be + part
Books might not be written.
Might + S + V(inf)+?
Might you write books?

Might + S + be +part?
Might books be written?

MUST
S + must + V(inf)
I must write books.

S + must + be + part
Books must be written.
S+ must not + V(inf)
I must not write books.

S + must not+ be + part
Books must not be written.
Must + S + V(inf)+?
Must you write books?

Must + S + be +part?
Must books be written?

HAVE TO has to
S+ have to + V(inf)
I have to write books.

has to
S + have to + be + part
Books have to be written. doesn’t
S+ don’t + have to+ V(inf)
I don’t have to write books.

doesn’t
S+ don’t + have to be+V(inf)
Books don’t have to be written.
Does
Do + S + have to+ V(inf)+?
Do you have to write books? Does
Do + S + have to+ be+ V(inf)+?
Do books have to be written?

SHOULD
S + should + V(inf)
I should write books.

S + should + be + part
Books should be written.
S+ shouldn’t + V(inf)
I shouldn’t write books.

S + shouldn’t+ be + part
Books shouldn’t be written.
Should + S + V(inf)+?
Should you write books?

Should + S + be +part?
Should books be written?

OUGHT TO

S + ought to + V(inf)
I ought to write books.

S + ought to + be + part
Books ought to be written.
S+ ought not + V(inf)
I ought not write books.

S + ought not+ be + part
Books ought not be written.
Ought + S + V(inf)+?
Ought you write books?

Ought + S + be +part?
Ought books be written? NEEDN’T

__
S + needn’t + V(inf)
I needn’t write books.

S + needn’t + be + part
Books needn’t be write.
Don’t + S + need + V(inf) + ?
Don’t you need write books?

Don’t + S+ need + be+ part?
Don’t books need be written?