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BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang
Kraniotomi merupakan tindakan pembukaan tengkorak melalui pembedahan untuk meningkatkan akses pada struktur intrakranial (Brunner & Suddarth, 2010). Tindakan operasi kraniotomi dilakukan untuk menghentikan perdarahan, memperbaiki kerusakan lapisan jaringan yang melindungi otak dan patah tulang tengkorak akibat trauma, mengevakuasi masa yang ada didalam otak, mengeluarkan cairan serebrospinal yang berlebihan dan menghilangkan sumbatan darah daerah otak. Operasi kraniotomi dapat dilakukan sebagai tindakan operasi elektif maupun emergency tergantung kepada masalah yang dihadapi oleh pasien. Pada pasien dengan tumor biasanya operasi kraniotomi yang dilakukan merupakan operasi elektif sedangkan pada pasien
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Misalkan saja pada penelitian yang dilakukan Arenas et al (2008) di Mexico menemukan dari 737 pasien post kraniotomi ada sebanyak 41 orang yang mengalami infeksi luka operasi sedangkan pada penelitian Buang & Haspani (2012) dirumah sakit Kuala Lumpur ada 30 orang (7,7%) dari 390 orang pasien post kraniotomi mengalami infeksi luka operasi. Di ruangan Neurosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) RSUP Hasan Sadikin sendiri data mengenai angka infeksi luka operasi post kraniotomi pada bulan oktober 2013 yang didapat selama penulis melaksanakan residensi ditemukan dari 30 pasien post kraniotomi ada 4 orang (13,3%) yang mengalami infeksi luka post …show more content…
Perawatan luka yang baik menurut CDC balutan akan dibiarkan selama 48 jam kemudian balutan akan diganti, kecuali pada keadaan tertentu balutan dapat diganti sebelum 48 jam. Apabila balutan diganti 48 jam setelah operasi dapat diakibatkan oleh perawatan luka yang kurang baik sehingga menyebabkan kuman yang ada dipermukaan kulit pasien masuk kedalam luka (Orsted et al, 2010). Oleh karena itu tehnik ganti balutan yang diberikan haruslah menggunakan tehnik perawatan luka yang aseptik dengan tanpa menyentuh luka secara langsung. Larutan yang dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan luka berupa normal saline dan larutan antiseptik, World Health Organization (2009) mengatakan penggunaan antiseptik masih diperbolehkan untuk daerah sekitar luka namun tidak di dalam area luka. Walaupun penggunaan antiseptik ini masih diperdebatkan oleh beberapa ahli karena ada beberapa antiseptik yang dapat menghambat proses penyembuhan luka namun pembuktian secara ilmiah masih menunjukan bahwa penggunaan antiseptik lebih baik dalam menekan pertumbuhan kuman yang dapat menyebabkan

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