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Aircraft Basic Components & Controls
Aircraft Powerplant
The airplane engine and propeller, often referred to as the aircraft powerplant, work in combination to produce thrust. The powerplant propels the airplane and drives the various systems that support the operation of an airplane.
Wing
A wing is a type of fin with a surface that produces aerodynamic force for flight or propulsion through the atmosphere, or through anothergaseous or liquid fluid. As such, wings have an airfoil shape, a streamlined cross-sectional shape producing a useful lift to drag ratio.
Fuselage
The fuselage (/ˈfjuːzəlɑːʒ/; from the French fuselé “spindle-shaped”) is an aircraft’s main body section that holds crew and passengers or cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, required for aircraft stability and maneuverability.
Empennage
The empennage (/ˌɑːmpɨˈnɑːʒ/ or /ˈɛmpɨnɪdʒ/),[1][2] also known as the tail or tail assembly, of most aircraft[1][2] gives stability to the aircraft, in a similar way to the feathers on an arrow;[3] the term derives from the French for this.[4] Most aircraft feature empennage incorporating vertical and horizontal tabilizeg surfaces which tabilize the flight dynamics of pitch and yaw,[1][2] as well as housing control surfaces.

Landing Gear
Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and is often referred to as such. For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land and usually to taxi without damage. Wheels are typically used but skids, skis, floats or a combination of these and other elements can be deployed depending both on the surface and on whether the craft only operates vertically (VTOL) or is able to taxi along the surface. Faster aircraft usually have retractable undercarriage, which folds away during flight to reduce air resistance or drag.

Aircraft Design & Constuction

Aircraft design and technology has advanced considerably in the last 100 years or so since the Wright Brothers first took to the skies. Now there are aircraft capable of transporting up to 900 passengers nonstop half way around the world. Obviously the larger the aircraft the greater the threat posed should any incident occur. In order to achieve the above the way these aircraft are constructed has evolved and the latest design and construction technology has been employed. This section looks at the various elements that are featured in an aircraft design. • Metals that are used in construction
• Aircraft engines
• Fuel and fuel tanks
• Various powered and pressurised systems
• Seating
• Access and exits
• Fire detection and extinguishing systems
• Flight recorders.