Tizard And Samuels On Institutionalised Childhood

explored where the trauma in these individuals had come from. Studies by Rheingold and Samuels on institutionalised infants said that toys and play facilities were also vital in a healthy development, suggesting that stimulation could be a substitute for any maternal love that the institutionalised infant would have otherwise been deprived of. Studies by Tizard and Rees upon the possible retardation of institutionalised children found that by the age of 16, after adoption, had good relationships with their parents, while their peer relationships were not so great and the children suffered from anxiety.
Evidence exists that proves that a child deprived of motherly love and attention will not always become a delinquent or socially, psychologically
and emotionally impaired: the case of the Freud and Dann children by Moskovitz proved that children who lack the formation of the bond will not always lead to psychopathy or an emotionless child: The oprhans developed bonds with each other when no parents or parent-substitutes were available. Casler argued that the lack of maternal love between humans is not needed for a normal function of the individual. Klaus and Kennell even found that if separation happens between a mother and child within the first four hours of delivery then the mother may not bond with her baby, suggesting