Chapter Learning Targets
• To make students aware of classical civilizations that evolved outside of the more well-known civilizations of Eurasia
• To explore the development of civilizations in Africa and the Americas
• To consider the factors that make civilizations develop in some regions but not in others • To raise the possibility of complex civilizations without any recognizable centralized control
Big Picture Questions
1. “The histories of Africa and the Americas during the classical era largely resemble those of
Eurasia.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain why or why not.
2. “The particular cultures and societies of Africa and of the Americas discussed in this chapter developed largely in isolation from one another.” What evidence would support this statement, and what might challenge it?
3. What generated change in the histories of Africa and the Americas during the classical era?
Margin Review Questions
Q. How did the history of Meroë and Axum reflect interaction with neighboring civilizations?
Q. How does the experience of the Niger Valley challenge conventional notions of “civilization”?
Q. In what ways did the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples stimulate cross-cultural interaction?
Q. With what Eurasian civilizations might the Maya be compared?
Q. In what ways did Teotihuacán shape the history of Mesoamerica?
Q. What kind of influence did Chavín exert in the Andes region?
Q. What features of Moche life characterize it as a civilization?
Q. In what ways were the histories of the Ancestral Pueblo and the Mound Builders similar to each other, and how did they differ?
Key Terms
Ancestral Pueblo: Formerly known as the Anasazi, this people established a mixed agricultural and gathering/hunting society in the southwestern part of North America. (pron. PWAY-blow)
Apedemek: The lion god of classical Meroë; his popularity shows a