To Test the Effects of Antacids on Pepsin's Ability to Digest Protein
KATE FITZPATRICK
YEAR TWELVE BIOLOGY
TERM ONE
_(www.happycow.net)_
"TO TEST THE EFFECTS OF ANTACIDS ON PEPSIN'S ABILITY TO DIGEST PROTEIN."
_CONTENTS_
1.0 Abstract
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2.0 Introduction
· 2.1 Aim
· 2.2 Background Information
· 2.3 Hypothesis
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3.0 MATERIALS
· 3.1 Equipment
· 3.2 Chemicals
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4.0 METHOD
· 4.1 Variables
· 4.2 Procedure
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5.0 RESULTS
· 5.1 Sample calculation
· 5.2 Tables
· 5.3 Graphs
· 5.4 Photos
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6.0 DISCUSSION
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7.0 Conclusion
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8.0 References
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9.0 Acknowledgements
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10.0 Appendices
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2.0 Introduction
_2.1 Aim_
To test the effects of antacids on pepsin's ability to digest protein.
_2.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION_
Pepsin is an active form of pepsinogen which is released into the stomach. Hydrochloric acid is also released into the stomach from parietal cells and makes the pH acidic, of a pH 1-3. This then activates chief cells to release pepsinogen, which functions in an autocatalyctic fashion. The hydrochloric acid mixed with pepsinogen generates pepsin, which can digest 20% of ingested carbon bonds. The primary structure of pepsin has an additional 44 amino acids which is useful in breaking proteins into smaller pieces called polypeptides (Whitman, 2002). The peptides are further digested by other protease in the duodenum and then absorbed by the body. However pepsin can only break certain amino acid bonds into shorter chains, and as other bonds are broken in the small intestines.
Pepsin is stored as pepsinogen and released when needed to ensure that it doesn't digest proteins in the stomach lining, as that would mean it is digesting the cell it makes. Therefore it synthesizes and is secreted inactively to the. stomach. Once pepsin is converted into pepsinogen, a chain reaction takes place. Pepsin triggers the formation of more pepsin, which represents a positive feedback loop. Dually, a negative feedback loop is shown when food enters the
YEAR TWELVE BIOLOGY
TERM ONE
_(www.happycow.net)_
"TO TEST THE EFFECTS OF ANTACIDS ON PEPSIN'S ABILITY TO DIGEST PROTEIN."
_CONTENTS_
1.0 Abstract
Pg
2.0 Introduction
· 2.1 Aim
· 2.2 Background Information
· 2.3 Hypothesis
PG
· Pg
· Pg
· pg
3.0 MATERIALS
· 3.1 Equipment
· 3.2 Chemicals
PG
· Pg
· Pg
4.0 METHOD
· 4.1 Variables
· 4.2 Procedure
PG
· Pg
· Pg
5.0 RESULTS
· 5.1 Sample calculation
· 5.2 Tables
· 5.3 Graphs
· 5.4 Photos
PG
· Pg
· Pg
· Pg
6.0 DISCUSSION
PG
7.0 Conclusion
Pg
8.0 References
Pg
9.0 Acknowledgements
Pg
10.0 Appendices
Pg
2.0 Introduction
_2.1 Aim_
To test the effects of antacids on pepsin's ability to digest protein.
_2.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION_
Pepsin is an active form of pepsinogen which is released into the stomach. Hydrochloric acid is also released into the stomach from parietal cells and makes the pH acidic, of a pH 1-3. This then activates chief cells to release pepsinogen, which functions in an autocatalyctic fashion. The hydrochloric acid mixed with pepsinogen generates pepsin, which can digest 20% of ingested carbon bonds. The primary structure of pepsin has an additional 44 amino acids which is useful in breaking proteins into smaller pieces called polypeptides (Whitman, 2002). The peptides are further digested by other protease in the duodenum and then absorbed by the body. However pepsin can only break certain amino acid bonds into shorter chains, and as other bonds are broken in the small intestines.
Pepsin is stored as pepsinogen and released when needed to ensure that it doesn't digest proteins in the stomach lining, as that would mean it is digesting the cell it makes. Therefore it synthesizes and is secreted inactively to the. stomach. Once pepsin is converted into pepsinogen, a chain reaction takes place. Pepsin triggers the formation of more pepsin, which represents a positive feedback loop. Dually, a negative feedback loop is shown when food enters the