Social Tang dynasty offered women a new opportunity for personal expression shown by the leadership of Empress Wu…
The Little Foxes is set in the deep south, in the spring of 1900. This setting is historically at the cusp of what is referred to as the Gilded Age. The “Gilded Age” is considered to be the decades between 1870 and 1900 and is a term coined by Mark Twain. It was used to describe a period with many social problems that were masked by the rise of new money. Greed, scandal, and corrupt policies ran rampant during this time; however, as we look back, this was also a point in history where we grew economically and began to rise industrially.…
Shen Fu was a Chinese writer and art dealer who lived during the Qing Dynasty. He had a very strong love for his wife Chen Yun and she is the inspiration for his book “Six Records of a Floating Life”, which vividly describes their life and love together. Shen Fu discusses the happiness that he found in marriage to his cousin Yun, in his first chapter, “Joys of the Wedding Chamber”. He then goes into detail, and is even reminiscent, about enjoying the little things and his experiences with them in the second part of his book, “Pleasure of Leisure”. Next Shen Fu talks about the adversities that he and Yun have to experience, in their sometimes-trying relationship together, with his chapter “The Sorrow of Misfortune”. This is a chapter about his financial burdens and depression that he started to incur from his stress during that time. The final chapter that Shen Fu writes about in his book, is much different than his last one because his spirits are lifted and he describes his love for traveling and taking in the sights of the world with “The Delights of Roaming Afar”. These are the reasons as to why he wrote this book, to share with the world his story of love, adversity, and prosperity all while expressing his deeply rooted admiration and sentiment for his wife, Chen Yun.…
The Death of Woman Wang, by Jonathan Spence is a historical novel pertaining to average people living in northeastern China. Spence’s book is unlike the “typical” social Confucian society China was thought to resemble during the seventeenth century. In this book, ideas of a Confucian family are challenged and can be seen as alternative but non-the-less, Confucian throughout human interaction and specifically in individual behavior. The Confucian ideas of filial piety, suicide, and being subservient are present, yet not as prominent as historians might think in a small town known as T’an-ch’eng.…
The Death of Woman Wang, by Jonathan D. Spence, paints a vivid picture of provincial China in the seventeenth century. Manly the life in the northeastern country of T’an-ch’eng. T’an-ch’eng has been through a lot including: an endless cycle of floods, plagues, crop failures, banditry, and heavy taxation. Chinese society in Confucian terms was a patriarchal society with strict rules of conduct. The role at this time of women, however, has historically been one of repression. The traditional ideal woman was a dependent being whose behavior was governed by the "three obedience’s and four virtues". The three obedience’s were obedience to father before marriage, the husband after marriage, and the son in case of widows. The four virtues were propriety in behavior, speech, demeanor and employment. The laws of the land and fear of shame in society dictated that men were allowed to rule over their household leaving women in a powerless state as almost a slave of the home. In P’u’s stories women are portrayed as complex characters who hold important roles in the family, but are treated with little to no respect by authority figures, and other men of higher class. In The Death of Woman Wang, Spence portrays…
The Chinese practiced foot binding for over a thousand years in the Song and T’ang dynasties. Some people found it very cruel, and then some found it fascinating. The ‘Golden Lotuses’ were the art and symbol for the wealth and beauty of ancient China. For any other culture, one would ask what foot binding is? Or, how did foot binding in Ancient China compare to John Fairbank’s text “Footbinding”? Also, how does the history of ancient China and Fairbank’s text differ and how are they similar? Then, how can foot binding be defended? In this paper, one will be able to understand the cultural significance of foot binding.…
Footbinding covered all aspect of the core social, political, moral, and economic institution of Chinese society:”The Chinese family was both the root and microcosm of a highly centralized and stratified political system. “The root of the empire is in the state” … The root of the state is in the family” (Greenhalgh 11). “Feet and shoe were advertisement for upbringing, cultural level and accomplishment, family background and temperament. Impossibly small, these feet were originally a source of great pride. Small feet added prestige to a family” (Ross…
In China during the Tang-Song era, the everyday rights of the vast majority of women were reduced. Neo-Confucian scholars supported male dominance and the idea that women should be treated similarly to property, an idea shown through the practice of foot-binding. Women whose feet were bound were greatly limited in mobility and could not travel far from the family compound. In Japan, some women in the Heian court enjoyed many rights, although they remained subordinate to men. They often wrote poems, played the flute or stringed instruments in informal concerts, and participated in elaborate schemes to snub or disgrace rivals. Some other women participated in guild organizations and were allowed to pass their positions on to their daughters. In the Mongol Empire, women retained many individual rights that women in other societies--particularly China--did not. Mongol women refused to adopt the practice of foot-binding, which so limited the activities of the Chinese women who were subjected to it. They held rights to property and control within the household. They had the freedom to move about the town and countryside, a right which some Mongol women exercised in order to hunt and go to war.…
The movie version of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is very different from the book because of the minimal attention the film gives to the practice of footbinding. In Lisa See’s novel this tradition of footbinding is an extremely important process of a girl’s life. A small foot on a woman is a beautiful woman in nineteenth-century China. Footbinding was a sign of wealth back then and the more beautiful a mother could make her daughter the more marriageable her daughter would become. The footbinding process is a long and drawn out process that starts at an early age of a girl’s life and impacts a girl’s early, middle, and late stages of their life.…
(2) In what ways was the Song dynasty a turning point in the history of Chinese women? Think about foot binding, market in women, sex-role segregation, female deities, and widow chastity. To what…
Chris McCandless was a dreamer, an irrational dreamer. He believed whole heartedly In love, nature, and a life free from societies clutches. He acted on a whim with little thought of the immediate future. Chris followed his heart and achieved his in the moment dreams that lead him to happiness. Chris McCandless was not crazy, he was a dreamer and an irrational one at that. Ultimately though, those qualities are what lead him into the wild.…
In The Golden Age, Wang Xiaobo explicitly depicts the forbidden and punishable sex acts of Wang Er and Chen Qingyang. However, as “doing something is very different from liking it” the compulsive and obligatory nature of their trysts protects them from punishment from the state (117). This immunity is compromised when Chen confesses that being spanked by Wang awoke her masochistic desire, causing her to have sex for pleasure. While this confession was punishable in the highest degree (warranting “being torn apart by five running horses or being minced by thousands of knives”), in a shocking turn of events, as “no one had the power to tear [them] apart... [the state] had no choice but to set [them] free” (117). The author gives little explanation…
In John King Fairbank’s short story, “Footbinding,” Chinese parents choose to bind their daughters’ feet so they could have a better chance for a good marriage arrangement and success in life. A Chinese custom in practice for decades, “Footbinding spread as a mark of gentility and upper-class status” and as a way “[…] to preserve female chastity” (Fairbank 403). At a very young age, parents tightly wrap their daughters’ feet with cloth to prevent growth and change the shape in order to have small feet. Fairbank tells us, “The small foot was called a ‘golden lotus’ or ‘golden lily’ […]” and more desirable by Chinese men (Fairbank 403). It is a sexual attraction for men-a three inch foot is ideal (Fairbank 405). On the other hand, because of their small feet, foot binding prevents women from doing physical labor, keeps them in the home and safeguards male domination in China (Fairbank 406). Not only does it restrict what women can do, it is a very painful process. Foot binding, a cultural norm in earlier Chinese society, has many negative consequences which outweigh the positive consequences.…
Everybody has had their good and bad times, and usually with their bad times they have to persevere. In The Call of the Wild, Buck was torn from his loving, peaceful life and forced into hard labor, hatred, and regret as he got to know how the wild works. On the other hand, my dad had to persevere when his sister and niece died and he had to learn how to get through that hard time in his life just like Buck had to do.…
Although the Northern Dynasties ruled most of the population, they were considered not to represent mainstream culture, being under the influence of foreign barbarians. The Southern Dynasties maintained stronger, more continuous cultural ties to the Han Dynasty (Owen, 1996). However, Buddhist and Confucian scholarship and their legacy in religious art were still influential in both areas. Confucianism was a major player in how men and women in China were supposed to live Popular in both the north and south of China was Yueh-Fu, ballad-like folk poetry narrated in the third person and based on folksong lyrics that originated during the late Han Dynasty (Nienhauser, 1985; Owen, 1996). By the sixth century, some of the songs seem to have been sung by women, and unlike ‘‘classic’’ literature, Yueh-Fu used colloquial language and displayed local…