To what extent had the provisions of The Vienna Settlement (1815) relating to Italy been overthrown by 1849?
To what extent had the provisions of The Vienna Settlement (1815) relating to Italy been overthrown by 1849?
In 1815 there was a meeting of the great powers – Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and France – to consider the future of Italy after Napoleonic rule had ended. Metternich, the leader of Austria at the time, had various main aims regarding the situation of Italy, the majority of which revolved around stopping French influence and not allowing liberalism which could lead to wars and revolutions, or nationalism which he though would break up the empire. Once established, the principles and aims of the congress focused on providing stability in order to prevent war, establishing a balance of power in Europe by limiting France’s power, retaining legitimacy of rule throughout Italy and stopping the spread of nationalism. In many ways, the states of Italy were returned back to their state prior to 1796 when Napoleonic rule began. However, by 1949 it could be argued that many of the provisions of The Vienna Settlement in relation to Italy had been overthrown due to the various revolutions that took place and the rise in a want for nationalism throughout the country. Whether or not it was completely overthrown however, is debatable.
One of the most prominent of all the provisions that The Vienna Settlement caused was the dominance that Austria had over Italy. Many of the reactionary rulers at the time had links with Austria, for example in Tuscany the ruler – Grand Duke Ferdinand III – was the brother of Metternich himself. As well as this, Austria’s Metternich was one of the three absolute and autocratic rulers that were part of The Holy Alliance which was set up in September 1815, along with Prussia and Russia. Their purpose was to stop liberal and nationalist revolutions, by lending aid to any monarchs under threat from revolutionaries. Throughout the period of 1815 – 1849, Austria did just that and crushed many of the attempted revolutions that began. For
In 1815 there was a meeting of the great powers – Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and France – to consider the future of Italy after Napoleonic rule had ended. Metternich, the leader of Austria at the time, had various main aims regarding the situation of Italy, the majority of which revolved around stopping French influence and not allowing liberalism which could lead to wars and revolutions, or nationalism which he though would break up the empire. Once established, the principles and aims of the congress focused on providing stability in order to prevent war, establishing a balance of power in Europe by limiting France’s power, retaining legitimacy of rule throughout Italy and stopping the spread of nationalism. In many ways, the states of Italy were returned back to their state prior to 1796 when Napoleonic rule began. However, by 1949 it could be argued that many of the provisions of The Vienna Settlement in relation to Italy had been overthrown due to the various revolutions that took place and the rise in a want for nationalism throughout the country. Whether or not it was completely overthrown however, is debatable.
One of the most prominent of all the provisions that The Vienna Settlement caused was the dominance that Austria had over Italy. Many of the reactionary rulers at the time had links with Austria, for example in Tuscany the ruler – Grand Duke Ferdinand III – was the brother of Metternich himself. As well as this, Austria’s Metternich was one of the three absolute and autocratic rulers that were part of The Holy Alliance which was set up in September 1815, along with Prussia and Russia. Their purpose was to stop liberal and nationalist revolutions, by lending aid to any monarchs under threat from revolutionaries. Throughout the period of 1815 – 1849, Austria did just that and crushed many of the attempted revolutions that began. For