Charles-Louis de Secondat, the Baron de Montesquieu was one of the greatest intellectuals in the Enlightenment Era. He had many good ideas about the world and how it works I say this because of his ideas of separation of power. Separation of power is when the executive, legislative and judicial powers of the government limit and control each other in a checks and balances system. Because each branch prevents the other from gaining too much power The state will have lasting freedom and strength. Our country has used this principle for the past 200 years, and we have remained strong. We have had no major rebellion against our leaders, save one, and we have remained a militarily and economically powerful country. And that is why I agree with…
Structured designs or arguments can attract a greater range of attention by playing close attention to their intended topic. Throughout history many beautifully structured arguments such as a speech or a certain subject in democracy has brought about the nations patriotic proclamation to demonstrate a country of free speech and democracy. The Toulmin Argument was introduced by a man by the name of Stephen Toulmin a British philosopher who thought to research the idea and method that describes the way people make such convincing arguments. Toulims’ argument takes into account situations in which people have to deal with throughout their lives with words such as sometimes, often, and almost which deal with…
In a landmark examination of the American society and culture, Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America offered a unique Tocqueville provides a fascinating account of three oppressed ethnic groups in America, the Negroes and the Indians. “these two unlucky races have in common neither birth, appearances, language, nor mores,” In comparatively Outsider’s thought on liberty and its limitations amongst the inhabitants of the United States, particularly in the relations of three races “naturally distinct and hostile to one another”. Though this provocative comparison may initially appear to be vast however his analysis proves that the allegory is outstanding and well-constructed. Moreover, the equality informs a new mode of cooperation…
Tocqueville viewed democracy not only as a political institution but, above all, as a sophisticated system that shapes a society’s customs, thereby giving it a sociological and psychological dimension. Democratic regimes, Tocqueville argued, determines our thoughts, aspirations, and interests. In Tocqueville’s last chapter he explores the idea of the three distinct races inhabiting territory in the United States. Particularly the Negro race where Tocqueville draws a correlation between democracy and the Negro. Tocqueville suggests that the increased focus on individual economic output provides a parallel between the Negro and democracy. He writes, “Among democratic peoples… everyone works in order to live, or has worked,…
When it came to equality, the French Social structures was bitterly unfair. The middle class was denied political representation and participation. Concepts of equality and society were reinforced by the success of the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence.…
He thought that their worship of the word “we” was what made them so terrible. The fact that they weren’t even allowed to think for themselves, only as one whole could they accomplish anything. Nothing within the system was permitted to move on its own. And similarly to the idea presented in the essay, no one was able to morally judge anything or anyone. This was one of the biggest problems that Equality had with his old…
Both ethnic minority groups did not have any rights or equalities like the white individuals did. Tocqueville see Native Americans and African-Americans (slaves) are connected to democracy because they were both socially excluded part of democracy side of society. Tocqueville argues that opinions like this then leads to democracy being based on the idea slavery of African-Americans viewing it as satisfactory. Democracy subsidises the idea of racial segregation, racial superiority and divisions of races which he suggests could be a great danger to…
Rousseau describes the conception of inequality in A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality by asserting, “there is hardly any inequality in the state of nature, all inequality which now prevails owes its strength and growth to the development of our facilities and the advance of the human mind…” (Rousseau, p. 116). Within the state of nature, Rousseau explains “equality might have been sustained, had the talents of individuals been equal…but, as there was nothing to preserve this balance, it was soon distributed…” (Rousseau, p. 94). Eventually, property rights “gave rise to the first rules of justice…” (Rousseau, p. 94) and “[man] perpetually employed in getting others to interest themselves in his lot…[and] find their advantage in promoting his own” (Rousseau, p. 95-96). He further explains that this inequality is made “permanent and legitimate by the establishment of property and laws.” (Rousseau, p. 116). Rousseau contends that the rich in society began to…
Maximilien Robespierre states, “What is the goal toward which we are heading? The peaceful enjoyment of liberty and equality.” (Bienvenu, p. 1, para.1) The laws that have been passed by the royalty that are meant to bring long lasting righteousness, are laws that are recognized; these laws are not written any where but in the essence of all individuals. Robespierre was elected as the representative of the National Convention and joined a political club called the radical Jacobin party. Being apart of the Convention and the Jacobins, Robespierre took over the administrative power of the Republic. Because the Jacobins believed that France was in need of change and restructuring, and Robespierre was now the head of the Convention, he can develop such change. By doing so he argues that in the land, the use of ethics must be replaced with the use of pride, proposition for traditions, self-regard for arrogance, magnificence for narcissism, prestige for money, and immorality of the sovereign for virtues and the phenomenon. He believed in democracy and the Republic of virtue. He felt that in order to set the basis of democracy within the people, the merge of both ending the war of independence and oppression must take place in order to put an end to the revolt. The essences of the Republic are virtue and equality. He explains how it is the development of virtue and the maintenance of equality that creates the Republic. Therefore, it is embraced or founded by an individual. He believed that the quality of being an admired government would be an advantage in gaining the trust of the citizens in order to create a strict and rigorous government, “…be trustful towards the people and severe towards itself.” (Bienvenu, p. 2, para. 2) Robespierre states the strengths and weaknesses of this theory: the strength being the triumph of truth rather than dishonesty, and the rights of the community’s interests than the private. The purpose…
Constitutionalism views government from the opposite side: the government must carry out actions for the betterment of the people. Because of this switching of roles, government’s power is limited to ensure they do not gain too much power over the people. Voltaire wrote, “The best government seems to be that in which all ranks of men are equally protected by the laws.” Unlike Absolutism, in which the rulers are like Gods, the government is equal to regular citizens in the eyes of the law. This limits the government’s power in society. Another limit, described by Montesquieu, is the separation of powers. He wrote, “There can be no liberty where the executive, legislative, and judicial powers are united in one person or body of persons, because such concentration is bound to result in arbitrary despotism.” Limiting the government this way gives liberty to the people, which they do not have under Absolutism, and prevents the government from consolidating power to one person or group, which is the purpose of Absolutism. And if the people believe the government is not representing their interests, according to Locke, they can revolt. He wrote, “When legislators try to destroy or take away the property of the people, or try to reduce them to slavery, they put themselves into a state of war with the people who can then refuse to obey the laws.” Locke believes that government should be limited by the will of the people, as opposed to the people being limited by the will of the…
What factors affect equality in the community? How can “equality” be defined and deconstructed to assess its components? In order to achieve equality, it can be studied as a result of freedom in the community. In the works of Alexis de Tocqueville, he addressed the role equality and individualism played in social change that impacted the state as a community. On the contrary, Karl Marx wrote regarding how equality can be achieved through communism and industrial liberation. The argument presented is that the ideas of Tocqueville apply more heavily in the community in comparison to the theories presented by Marx.…
Democratic egalitarianism is one subject that may be a bit more complex to dissect and justify than the others. It reserves the goal of the justice of the distribution of economic goods and burdens to ascertain and secure the essential social relations entailed by connection in a democratic public. It also pertains to hierarchical and oppressive matters. Although democratic egalitarianism relates to equality, some who believe in the practice turn natural arbitrary aspects into disadvantages that may cripple others. This naturally generates into the lowers of the totem pole to have very little say in any instances of decision making.…
A flawed fixed social structure and fiscal mismanagement are some of the plethora of issues that demonstrated the disdain for the rights of man in pre-revolutionary times. During this time, unequal distribution of wealth, status, and land lead to the economic downfall of France. To put a stop to the financial ruin, leaders knew they needed to make a radical change to their taxation system. Because the first and second estate benefited from tax exemption, the third estate felt the need to fight for their individual freedom and social equality, bringing about the revolution, it’s main goal being the pursuit of the rights of man.…
The idea of one for all, or all for one. Total monarchy or equal shares. Undeniable control or democracy. The ideas of Individualism and Communitarianism clearly contrast each other, but who's to say which belief is the right or wrong way? Is it the rights of many or the privileges of few that is meant to be held higher than the other? This essay will contain the beliefs of Utilitarianism and Individualism, and the similarities and differences that both of these beliefs hold in common.…
Now, let’s discuss about France. It is commonly known that French’s perspective is swayed towards Egalitarianism which is compatible with their model of ‘acquis sociaux’ or ‘social achievements’ emphasizing mainly on social justices. Amount of taxes collected is relatively higher than the other countries’ but that, instead, compensates into a very strong ‘welfare state’ which is really a pride for the French people. So, generally speaking, one can presume that France is probably an equality-based country.…