Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible was a cruel tyrant, who never knew the meaning of moderation; He drank too much, laughed too loudly and hated and loved too fiercely. And he never forgot anything. Ivan was definitely smart and despite his cruelty, his reign is known as one of the greatest rules in Russian history. In Russia Ivan was called "Grozny", which has always been translated to "the terrible", but actually means "the awesome". Born in 1530, Ivan was only three when he inherited the Russian throne following his father's death. At the age of seven, tragedy struck again when nobles of his court poisoned his mother. By his early teens, he was already displaying some of his uglier traits. He would throw live animals from towers and appeared to derive pleasure from doing so. Ivan was crowned Russia's first Tsar at the age of 17. Three weeks later he married, having chosen his bride in a national virgin competition. Virgins over the age of twelve were brought to the Kremlin to be paraded before him. He chose Anastasia, the daughter of a minor noble, and their marriage proved to be a very close one. Ivan had huge ambitions for his new Imperial dynasty. He launched a holy war against Russia's traditional enemy, the Tartars. Showing no mercy to these Muslim people Ivan's conquest of Kazan, and later Astrakhan and Siberia, gave birth to a sixteenth century personality cult glorifying him as the Orthodox crusader. His wife Anastasia helped to hold his cruelty back but in 1560 she died. He accused his nobles of poisoning her, and became even more mentally unstable. Recent studies have shown that there was over ten times the normal amount of mercury in her hair showing that she was murdered. He set up a bodyguard that has been described as Russia's first 'secret police' (the Oprichniki) as a religious brotherhood sworn to protecting God's Tsar. In reality, they became marauding thugs, ready to commit any crime in the Tsar's name. Ivan sentenced thousands to internal…
He relates his experiences while giving details of how he was triumphal in his and was in want of nothing (Tolstoy, p.18). But when Tolstoy began questioning the process, he felt some burden and even with all the beauties that life has provided, he could not enjoy the rest of his life knowing that something evil was around. He depicts the deception of pleasures of life as evil, as he views that the desires will come to end with an event of death. Tolstoy rational thinking has not enabled to find a definite answer for the meaning of…
The Horrible "Great" Conductors Composer Igor Stravinsky has written a passage that discusses orchestra conductors. Stravinsky uses language and rhetorical devices to express his point of view. Through the tropes, the exigence, and the audience he shows how horrible "great" conductors really are.…
He is frank and kind, and unlike the others does not deny the reality of death. In Tolstoy’s work, people at that time use so-called propriety to hide the reality of life. They only focus on the external things but escape their own internal real ideas.…
His focus was on developing shallow relationships with members of a class of society he aspired to become a part of. Ivan's focus on pursuing job advancement takes precedence over providing a stable paternal figure for his family. Ivan also placed a higher importance on propriety and etiquette in the performance of his job duties, than employing compassion for the unfortunate souls under his legal purview. Ivan's reflection on his superficial pursuits through the course of his life, exacerbates his painful death. This ultimately supports the hidden moral of Tolstoy's story, that life is better lived enjoying the blessings of one's social status than chasing the material desires associated with the upper…
Having a virtuous moral life consist of not only living well, having health, or wealth, but it is to live in the state of the Golden Mean. What is meant by the Golden Mean is “the virtues are at a middle ground between excess and deficiency (Pojman and Fieser, 2012, p. 149).” One can have excess vice and be rash, in a situation of feeling fear and confidence, or be a coward and have deficiency vice. To be virtuous, also known as the mean, one must be courageous in confronting ones fear. Virtue has…
Aristotle states virtue, are the “habits and traits that allow people to live well in communities” (Arthur & Scalet, 2009, p. 50). These virtues are characteristic traits such as honesty, generosity, bravery, and courage. Like many topics in life, courage is, for example, the center point or balance point of a pendulum where fear is on one side and confidence is on the other. Aristotle speaks of this as corresponding vises. Aristotle states that happiness depends on living in accordance with appropriate virtues. He says a virtuous person is naturally going to behave…
However, this personal process of reflecting how to reach this ultimate goal of inner harmony and a meaningful life can be hard in today’s Western culture. Ball further argues that “[l]ife is so fast and hectic and filled with distraction, you have to sort of teach yourself to be still and be quiet and allow yourself to look for what I call beauty” (ibid.) referring not only to character traits but also the beauty of life. In conclusion, one can sum up that both outer and inner beauty (or lies in the eye of the beholder and that not every flower in a colourful garden needs the same amount of water and sunlight to live and…
Instead, we will look to a second definition of happiness by Miriam-Webster presenting a definition that more reasonably proposes that happiness is one’s position on life rather than a transient feeling. Miriam-Webster states that happiness is “a state of well-being and contentment.” By introducing this idea of well-being to an explanation of the inspiration of happiness, Miriam-Webster’s definition suggests that different elements, such as health and comfort, are required to create happiness. Many people over the course of history have attempted to define happiness, and some definitions are quite interesting, however, who is to say that any of the definitions are correct or incorrect? To answer the original question asked, “What is happiness?” there is no definite way to define happiness, especially not a definition that will be valid for every person. Happiness is something that is achieved, and once achieved, that person knows that something is different. It is something strived towards in our society because there are so many people facing adversity that many are unable to find their happiness due to their worries. In his book, Brave New World, Aldous Huxley introduces a type of society quite different from our own in which happiness…
According to the author , the primary features of human nature are mortality and pain. Ivan lives a carefree a life that is “most simple and ordinary therefore most terrible (Tolstoy, 1886).” Like other people, he understands that he sails through his life climbing a social ladder: with a wife who demands too much than he can afford. Also, he suffers a lot as he tries to work his way up so as to become a magistrate. Basically, Ivan’s focus on his work more than his family his family life becomes intolerable.…
In Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina (1877), different characters are shaped by their experiences. Every decision they make affects their final destinies. Levin once said, “I believe the chief motive of all our actions to be, when all is said and done, our personal happiness.”(287) Nevertheless, I do not agree with Levin. In Tolstoy’s setting, people’s actions are not based on their personal happiness like Levin thinks. Koznyshev views society’s needs as the standard of his actions. Levin strictly follows his rigid schedule, leaving no room for happiness. Anna’s guilt from challenging social opinion and her love for Seryozha force her to do things against her wishes. All of these illustrate that people’s actions are restrained by their responsibility to society.…
The short story of Anton Chekhov, Guy de Maupassant, and Leo Tolstoy’s all share a common theme. In Anton Chekhov’s “The Bet” a man out of his own greed spends fifteen years in a cell by himself, with no contact with the outside world. In Guy de Maupassant’s short story “The False Gems,” a man learns of his wife’s infidelities, and becomes greedy with the money that he receives. Finally in “How Much Land Does a Man Need?” by Leo Tolstoy a man dies from his own greed. All of the following stories share a common theme of greed, something that no man can resist.…
The happiness in people’s talk is mostly known as the physical happiness, nevertheless, in Aristotle’s points of view, happiness is the best virtue, which is the morally mental feeling of human being. As the saying “money can never buy happiness” indicates, happiness can be gained by hard working rather than fortune. In terms of business, wealth is never a short-cut to success or happiness. Moral virtue is a rational principle and a mean, that guides people to act morally when doing business so as to pursue the best virtue—happiness.…
Society embeds a view that one has to be perfect, in order to fit in. This standard of perfection causes one to drift away from the real world, thus, causing one to become materialistic. Because Ivan Ilyich lives in a society where perfection matters, in The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy, he does everything to live in a world of flawlessness. He does this in order to fit into this community, causing him to isolate the friends and family around him. In The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy develops a protagonist who seeks flawlessness in order to fit into society, thus, leading to accepting the fear of death. This perfection displays the effect of society’s standards of living the perfect life in order for one to fit in.…
If people would adhere to virtues the world would be a better place. Living a virtues life means following moral qualities. Not living a virtuous life can lead to: untrustworthiness, unfairness and alarm. People can avoid negative experiences by following proper protocol. The world would be a better place if people live by the following virtues sincerity, justice and tranquility.…