Topic 5 Ib Biology Notes
TOPIC 5
ECOLOGY
5.1.1
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
ENVIRONMENT = all the factors that affect an organism. 5.1.1
ABIOTIC FACTORS = non-living factors in an environment
BIOTIC FACTORS = living factors in an environment
ABIOTIC
BIOTIC
water
fish
chemicals in water
aquatic plant
depth
fungi
temperature
protists - algae
light
Relationship
- Photosynthesis
Wet lands = also called ‘estuary’
Ecosystem:
- A stable, settled unit of nature consisting of community of organisms, interacting with each other and with their surrounding physical and chemical environment.
In order to be an ecosystem, energy should be transferred in a form of organisms. There should be a food chain in order to be an ecosystem, when one organism eats the other.
SOME IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL TERMS
5.1.1
Population: All living things of the same species in a habitat at any one time. Ex. Panda population in China in 1989
Community: All the living things in a habitat or ecosystem, the total of all populations.
Species: A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other and that are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
Biosphere: The inhabited part of the Earth. All ecosystems on Earth.
NICHE = both the habitat of an organism occupies and the mode of nutrition employed
G.1.5
HABITAT = place where an organism or population of organisms live.
5.1.4
FOOD CHAIN = used to show how matter & energy move through an ecosystem. It shows feeding relationship between organisms.
LIVING THINGS CAN BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR ROLE IN AN
ECOSYSTEM
5.1.3 and 5.1.14
• PRODUCERS: are the organisms which produce their own food by using inorganic molecules. Photosynthetic organisms or chemosynthetic.
• CONSUMERS: organisms which feed on other organisms.
a. Herbivores: they eat plants.
b. Carnivores: they eat meat.
c. Omnivores: they eat both meat and plants
•
ECOLOGY
5.1.1
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
ENVIRONMENT = all the factors that affect an organism. 5.1.1
ABIOTIC FACTORS = non-living factors in an environment
BIOTIC FACTORS = living factors in an environment
ABIOTIC
BIOTIC
water
fish
chemicals in water
aquatic plant
depth
fungi
temperature
protists - algae
light
Relationship
- Photosynthesis
Wet lands = also called ‘estuary’
Ecosystem:
- A stable, settled unit of nature consisting of community of organisms, interacting with each other and with their surrounding physical and chemical environment.
In order to be an ecosystem, energy should be transferred in a form of organisms. There should be a food chain in order to be an ecosystem, when one organism eats the other.
SOME IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL TERMS
5.1.1
Population: All living things of the same species in a habitat at any one time. Ex. Panda population in China in 1989
Community: All the living things in a habitat or ecosystem, the total of all populations.
Species: A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other and that are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
Biosphere: The inhabited part of the Earth. All ecosystems on Earth.
NICHE = both the habitat of an organism occupies and the mode of nutrition employed
G.1.5
HABITAT = place where an organism or population of organisms live.
5.1.4
FOOD CHAIN = used to show how matter & energy move through an ecosystem. It shows feeding relationship between organisms.
LIVING THINGS CAN BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR ROLE IN AN
ECOSYSTEM
5.1.3 and 5.1.14
• PRODUCERS: are the organisms which produce their own food by using inorganic molecules. Photosynthetic organisms or chemosynthetic.
• CONSUMERS: organisms which feed on other organisms.
a. Herbivores: they eat plants.
b. Carnivores: they eat meat.
c. Omnivores: they eat both meat and plants
•