tourism area life cycle
CTR
CONTEMPORARY TOURISM REVIEWS
Tourism Area Life Cycle
R.W. Butler
Emeritus Professor Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde
Contemporary Tourism Reviews
Series Editor: Chris Cooper
(G) http://www.goodfellowpublishers.com
Published by Goodfellow Publishers Limited, Woodeaton, Oxford, OX3 9TJ
Copyright © Goodfellow Publishers Ltd 2011
All rights reserved by Goodfellow Publishers Limited. The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Design and setting by P.K. McBride
2
Tourism Area Life Cycle
About the author
(G) © Goodfellow Publishers Ltd
Tourism Area Life Cycle
3
Introduction
It is now three decades since the original Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) article first appeared
(Butler 1980), and rather surprisingly the model proposed in that article is still being cited and used in tourism research. That fact alone makes the TALC somewhat extraordinary, as most models have a short life span before they are relegated to at best a passing reference in current text books or articles. The reason for the longevity of the TALC is not entirely clear. It is very much a classic academic model (Griere 2004), in other words “a representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure etc.” (Collins:1988, 730), intended to aid in the discussion of, and research on, the development of resorts. It attempts to portray a common pattern of the development of tourist resorts, a pattern which it argues is common to many resorts throughout the world. Such an argument may well be thought to be presumptuous and arrogant in the 21st century, given the variety and range of tourist destinations that have been developed, in particular over the last few decades. This range reflects
CONTEMPORARY TOURISM REVIEWS
Tourism Area Life Cycle
R.W. Butler
Emeritus Professor Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde
Contemporary Tourism Reviews
Series Editor: Chris Cooper
(G) http://www.goodfellowpublishers.com
Published by Goodfellow Publishers Limited, Woodeaton, Oxford, OX3 9TJ
Copyright © Goodfellow Publishers Ltd 2011
All rights reserved by Goodfellow Publishers Limited. The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Design and setting by P.K. McBride
2
Tourism Area Life Cycle
About the author
(G) © Goodfellow Publishers Ltd
Tourism Area Life Cycle
3
Introduction
It is now three decades since the original Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) article first appeared
(Butler 1980), and rather surprisingly the model proposed in that article is still being cited and used in tourism research. That fact alone makes the TALC somewhat extraordinary, as most models have a short life span before they are relegated to at best a passing reference in current text books or articles. The reason for the longevity of the TALC is not entirely clear. It is very much a classic academic model (Griere 2004), in other words “a representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure etc.” (Collins:1988, 730), intended to aid in the discussion of, and research on, the development of resorts. It attempts to portray a common pattern of the development of tourist resorts, a pattern which it argues is common to many resorts throughout the world. Such an argument may well be thought to be presumptuous and arrogant in the 21st century, given the variety and range of tourist destinations that have been developed, in particular over the last few decades. This range reflects
References: Agarwal, S. (1994) The Resort Cycle Revisited: Implications for Resorts. In Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, C Agarwal, S. (1997). The resort cycle and seaside tourism: an assessment of its applicability and validity. Agarwal, S. (2002) Restructuring seaside tourism: The resort lifecycle. Annals of Tourism Research 29 (1), 25-55. Avlonitis, G.J. (1990) Project dropstart: product elimination and the product life cycle concept. European Journal of Marketing, 24 (9), 55-67. Bao.J. (1994a) Big Theme Park Distribution research. Research of Geography,13 (3), 83-89. Bao.J.(1994b) Tourism Development of Karst Cave. Geographic Sinica, 50 (4), 353-359 Bao.J Bao.J., and Peng.H. (1995) Tourist area expanding research: case study of Danxia Mountain.Science of Geography,15 (1), 63-70. Baum, T.G. (1998) Tasking the exit route: Extending the tourism area life cycle model Current Issues in Tourism 1 (2) 167-175 Butler, R.W. (1973) The Tourist Industry in the Highlands and Islands Unpublished PhD thesis, Glasgow: University of Glasgow Butler, R.W. (1980) The concept of the tourist area life-cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources Butler, R.W. (1997) The Destination Life Cycle: Implications for Heritage Site Management and Attractivity in Nuryanti, W Butler, R. W. (1997) Modelling Tourism Development: Evolution, Growth and Decline in S. Wahab and J. Butler, R.W. (1998) “Still peddling along. The resort cycle two decades on” Paper to Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research Butler, R.W. 1996 Concept of Carrying Capacity: Dead or Merely Buried? Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research 2 (3/4) 283-293 http://onlinelibrar y.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1603(199609)2:3/4%3C283::AIDPTH73%3E3.0.CO;2-N/abstract Butler, R.W