Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins.
A characteristic of embroidery is that the basic techniques or stitches of the earliest work—chain stitch, stitch, running, satin stitch, cross stitch—remain the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today.
Machine embroidery, arising in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, mimics hand embroidery, especially in the use of chain stitches, but the "satin stitch" and hemming stitches of machine work rely on the use of multiple threads and resemble hand work in their appearance, not their construction.
Fig 1
Indian embroidery
Embroidery tradition of India is one of the most richly diverse and masterly in the world. Some embroidery stitches have their foundation in early textiles, basketry, mat making and weaving; others developed from early sewing, where stitches were used for joining pieces of fabrics.
Indi lies along the ancient trade across Asia. This has resulted in the introduction of many cultural and religious influences from other countries. India has very extensive coastline, which has enabled trade to flourish with many countries like Portugal, Holland, France, and Britain. These became invaders rather than trading partners, with obvious effects on cultures and crafts of India.
The major influence on Indian textile was the Persian taste and tradition which prevailed during Mughals Empire. Other significant influences came from Europeans specially British. India has assimilated and made its own many of the ideas introduced by these people and throughout history, has been renowned for the diversity, quality and richness of its textiles.
Different types of Indian traditional