Traditions and Encounters Chapter 22
Chapter 22
Maritime Explorations: 15th-18th Centuries
What were the motives and means of maritime explorations?
Search for resources and land suitable for cash crops
Search for commodities: spices, silk, gold, ivory, slaves etc.
Search for converts to Christianity
Navigational technology and knowledge of the wind (monsoon)
Maritime and land-based empires (Trading post empires)
Was European expansion in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean worlds different?
Territorial empires in the Americas: the Spaniards and the Portuguese
Settler colonies of the French, English, the Dutch in the Caribbean and North America
Cartaz- way to tax trade (Portugal (European))
Europeans had an advantage
How the colonial Empires in the Americas were built and sustained?
Conquer and Consolidation (Colonial administration) Mining: encomienda, the tribute system
Agricultural production: the plantations system and the problem of labor
How did Europeans respond to labor shortages in the Americas?
Slavery
Tentative workers
Captive labor
Encomiend- was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor and autonomy
Mita System-
Indentured labor
Slaves from Africa
How did the Colonial Society evolve in the Americas?
Mixed or multi-cultural societies
Social Hiearchy: immigrants, creoles mulatto’s zambos, slaves and conquered peoples
Gender and sexuality
North American colonies: Less with mixing with indigenous peoples: English racism
Chapter 25: Early-Modern Africa:
Political-Economy society
What major comparable social, political and economic institutions/ structures do you identify in early modern Africa?
What major changes occurred in the state formation in Africa?
Sub-Saharan African trade give rise to imperial states relying on resources from trade Exports: gold, ivory, and slaves Imports: textiles and spices
Maritime trade gave rise to
Maritime Explorations: 15th-18th Centuries
What were the motives and means of maritime explorations?
Search for resources and land suitable for cash crops
Search for commodities: spices, silk, gold, ivory, slaves etc.
Search for converts to Christianity
Navigational technology and knowledge of the wind (monsoon)
Maritime and land-based empires (Trading post empires)
Was European expansion in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean worlds different?
Territorial empires in the Americas: the Spaniards and the Portuguese
Settler colonies of the French, English, the Dutch in the Caribbean and North America
Cartaz- way to tax trade (Portugal (European))
Europeans had an advantage
How the colonial Empires in the Americas were built and sustained?
Conquer and Consolidation (Colonial administration) Mining: encomienda, the tribute system
Agricultural production: the plantations system and the problem of labor
How did Europeans respond to labor shortages in the Americas?
Slavery
Tentative workers
Captive labor
Encomiend- was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor and autonomy
Mita System-
Indentured labor
Slaves from Africa
How did the Colonial Society evolve in the Americas?
Mixed or multi-cultural societies
Social Hiearchy: immigrants, creoles mulatto’s zambos, slaves and conquered peoples
Gender and sexuality
North American colonies: Less with mixing with indigenous peoples: English racism
Chapter 25: Early-Modern Africa:
Political-Economy society
What major comparable social, political and economic institutions/ structures do you identify in early modern Africa?
What major changes occurred in the state formation in Africa?
Sub-Saharan African trade give rise to imperial states relying on resources from trade Exports: gold, ivory, and slaves Imports: textiles and spices
Maritime trade gave rise to