The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the consensus perspective, also referred to as structural
The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the consensus perspective, also referred to as structural
In Eugene Robinson’s essay “You Have the Right to Remain a Target of Racial Profiling,” Robinson argues that police officers still racially profile when pulling over people for traffic offenses. He uses a Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics report that states that white, African-American and Hispanic drivers are equally likely to be pulled over by the police in a traffic stop. He doesn’t believe this to be true and delves deeper into the findings. Robinson notes that African-Americans and Hispanics are much more likely to be searched and be the subject of “police use of force”. Black drivers were also twice as likely to be arrested as white drivers, and Hispanics were more likely to receive a ticket. Whites were more likely to receive written or verbal warnings that blacks or…
The 2011 statistics of the Stop-And-Frisk policy reiterated the racist tendencies, predominantly against Blacks, within the state institution of policing during the era of neoliberal justice. The reported Stop-And-Frisk incidences in 2011 numbers are as follow; there were a total of 685,724 incidents reported, Blacks contributed 53% or 350,743 reported incidents to the total, and whereas Whites contributed to…
With a Ph.D in Political Science and a M.A, these two authors believe that the race of a person does not always have to be the deciding factor in search and seizures performed by the police. They begin by assessing whether or not police officers intentionally choose to search racial minorities over whites by analyzing data collected from every traffic stop made in the Washington D.C. area. What makes this article unique is that the authors write figure out when and why searches were conducted because in most studies of racial profiling these factors are often ignored.…
In terms of motorists, in 2005 Black drivers were three times more likely to be stopped and searched by police than Whites, and were twice as likely than White drivers to be arrested during a traffic stop (“Reality of Racial Profiling”). These findings demonstrate that police are more likely to target people of color than Whites and case studies have shown that this practice is counterproductive and a misallocation of law enforcement resources. For example, in Arizona although Black motorists were more likely than Whites to be stopped and searched, Whites who were searched were more likely to be carrying contraband (“Reality of Racial Profiling”). The case study in Arizona exemplifies a problem in the criminal justice system that must be addressed. Minority motorists are more likely than White motorists to be stopped and harassed by police based off the inherent belief that people of a minority race, ethnicity, or religion are more likely to engage in criminal or unlawful activity than…
Bowling, B. and Phillips C., (2007) “Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search”. Modern Law Review. 70(6)…
In the United States of America racial discrimination still exists to this day. Minorities in our country are not seen as equal people. When a person is deprived of their human rights it makes them feel degraded and troubled. In order to become a more civilized country, we must forget the color of our own skin and live with each other as one. In the article “Why Racial Profiling is a Bad Idea” by Tom Head, discusses the way cops pay more attention to those of minority races and how they usually find them guilty of crimes they didn’t commit. Even though many officers will deny their participation in this type of profiling, a lot use this tactic to pull over and arrest Minority races. The article “Racial Profiling Lives On” by Devon Carbado, Cheryl Harris and Kimberle Crenshaw, also displays examples of how racial profiling continues to this day. There are many ways cops can search/arrest African Americans or other Minorities for no reason and still keep from breaking the Fourth Amendment and the authors of “Racial Profiling Lives On” supports there claims with emotional examples that appeal to a pathological type of audience.…
In America, police targeting black people for excessive and unwarranted search and seizure is a practice older than the Republic itself. Ethnicity and stop and frisk laws have called for the attention of the courts to determine whether it is an abuse of power and whether minorities are the majority when pertaining to stop and frisk laws. This research will focus on the effects ethnicity has on stop and frisks laws.…
“Stop and Frisk” has been a very controversial method of policing over the last few years in New York city because of its associations with racial profiling. It has been used as a tool for the government to attempt to reduce crime in a preemptive way by using reasonable suspicion to stop, question, search, and if necessary, detain any citizen the officer chooses. Statistically, almost 90% of stop and frisk suspects in New York city were found to have nothing incriminating and were promptly released. It also had little to no impact on reducing crime and murder in the city of New York. However, it impacted the the rights citizens felt like they had because it instituted a form of social control at the hands of the government.…
“About 80 percent of those who are stopped and frisked are Black and Latino” (Hicks). The record breaking numbers have even prompted civil rights activists, leaders, and elected officials to protest several times. The public has had enough of this silence and has begun speaking out against New York’s police departments. “It’s racial profiling, it’s racism, and it’s having dire consequences in our city” (Taylor). Racial profiling is a tactic that humiliates and dehumanizes New Yorkers. Stop and frisk is a program that was made to protect society, but the NYPD has been taking advantage of it instead. The NYPD has also been criticized for illegally stopping bystanders with stop and…
Lawful contact goes hand in hand with the definition of “reasonable” because the term is what gives the law enforcement officer the leverage to act upon the person in question. In other words, there has to be a reason why the officer stops the individual in the first place. Now, the problem here is, and it happens in many occasions, that if the officer thinks they have “reasonable suspicion” there is possibility that the officer will go out of his or her own way to find permissible cause to investigate further. For example, if the person makes a wrong turn or any minor traffic violation they could have the green light to proceed.…
This paper was written to take a look at both sides of the stop and frisk program. By examining both sides I hope to show the effectiveness of the program, but not to leave out the possible negative effects also. There is no doubt that this program has gain a lot of negative attention, the main controversial issue at hand is that the people feel that it gives the cops to much authority to stop anyone they can. This program is to believe that it is a way to make cities more safe, but the ones’ that are mostly stopped are African-American and Latino young men and they feel that the program is a way for the cops to use it for racial profiling. Not only is it used for profiling, but these people believe…
To what degree can ethnicity or race be utilized to target innocent individuals for stops, searches, and arrests? Although racism has always existed, through the past decade it has become more apparent. The United States has constantly fought difficult battles to put a stop against racism and discrimination. A numerous amount of faultless lives and liberties have been lost in search for racial equality. Unfortunately, racial profiling has become a more serious controversial issue in law enforcement practices that has reached public attention.…
In 2011 alone, 700,000 New Yorkers were pulled over for stop and frisk searches. Approximately 87 percent were Hispanic or Black and of that percentage 90 percent were deemed innocent (Huffington Post). In comparison, from 2002 to 2011 Hispanics and Blacks made up 90 percent of people stopped, and 88 percent of those stopped were innocent New Yorker (New York Civil Liberties Union). If racial profiling in this case was effective that would be one thing, but there has yet to be any published research that has proven the effectiveness of this program, which is shown in the lack of arrests produced. Violent crimes in New York have decreased by 29 percent between 2001 and 2010; however, other major cities, such as Los Angeles and New Orleans, have experience larger declines without the use of stop and frisk (New York Civil Liberties Union). This is a clear example of why this program that causes more harm than good, should be abolished.…
The judging of an individual’s character by their race did not become relevant because of the Rodney King beating, the attacks on the World Trade Center, or the illegal aliens crossing the Mexican border. Racial Discrimination has been a reoccurring issue for centuries. Throughout time, these judgments and discriminations have led to unwarranted searches, racial riots and unjust prosecutions. Racial Profiling not only adds to this overwhelming issue but is upheld by the U.S. government and prominent leaders. Racial profiling has caused divisions between black men and the police, negative effects on immigration and race relations, and false imprisonment, further proving that racial profiling is not defensible public policy.…
African Americans and Latino Americans have always been presumed as criminals or bad guys to police officers. This is due to how rap artists portray minorities in urban neighborhoods and how society itself looks at them. They are often suspects of racial profiling while shopping. For example, an African American college student was stopped in New York City by two white police officers after they suspected him from stealing from a Barneys store. Barneys is a well-known expensive department store. The police officer reportedly told the student that he didn't look like he could afford anything from Barney, so the police assumed he had stolen. The officers also reported that Barneys said that the student had maybe been a suspect of credit card fraud.…