The palm island of Dubai is made on the artificial islands in the shape of palm tree with trunk, a crown with fronds and the surrounded by the crescent and it acts as the water break, which is considered by the world as eighth wonder of world, constructed by the Nikheel properties which is the real estate companies achieved many big projects.
It is considered one of the challenging projects of Dubai.
Dubai 's Palm Islands are made from all natural materials like rock and sand.
Construction on the palm islands began in 2001. Divers surveyed the seabed and workers constructed a crescent-shaped breakwater from blasted mountain rock. The Crescent of Palm Jumeirah stands a little more than 13 feet above low tide sea level of Arabian Gulf and sits in 34 feet of water at its deepest point.
How crescent-shaped breakwater was made:
The first step was to build up the sea floor. 3 massive dredgers take up thin layers of sand from barren sea nearby then they dumped the sand into layer up to 7.4 metres thick. To keep it in place large loads of rock were dropped on top of the sand. This bed of rock raised the breakwater from 4 metres below the sea to 3 metres above the sea level. It was the beginning of the sea defence without which the island could not exist. It is these rocks that protect the fragile island from the destructive force of sea. To avail such enormous amount of rock the excavation team started their work in 16 quarries across the United Arab Emirates. 5.5 million cubic metre of rock was needed for the construction of breakwater. The rock was dumped into the sea very carefully using cranes such that each rock interlocks over the above rocks tightly since there was no concrete or steel to hold these rocks in place. Constant checks were made to make sure the breakwater was in right place and the rocks were stable or not. Only sure way to do this was by sending in divers who would carefully pinpoint and check every meter
References: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Islands, products/ground-improvement/reports/apex-business-park.aspx, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uicWzSDISyM, adventure.howstuffworks.com/dubai-palm1.htm, http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/components/3115s01.html, engineeringchallenges.blogspot.com/2011/09/palm-island.html