INTRODUCTION
Finance may be defined as the art and science of managing money. The major areas of finance are:
(1) Financial services and
(2) Managerial finance/corporate finance/financial management. While financial services is concerned with the design and delivery of advice and financial products to individuals, business and governments within the areas of banking and related institutions, personal financial planning, investments ,real estate, insurance and so on, financial management is concerned with the duties of the financial managers in the business firm.
1. In General sense,
"Finance is the management of money and other valuables, which can be easily converted into cash."
2. According to Experts,
"Finance is a simple task of providing the necessary funds (money) required by the business of entities like companies, firms, individuals and others on the terms that are most favourable to achieve their economic objectives."
3. According to Entrepreneurs,
"Finance is concerned with cash. It is so, since, every business transaction involves cash directly or indirectly."
4. According to Academicians,
"Finance is the procurement (to get, obtain) of funds and effective (properly planned) utilisation of funds. It also deals with profits that adequately compensate for the cost and risks borne by the business."
Features of Finance1. Investment The main characteristics or features of finance are depicted below.
In Finance, Investment can be explained as a utilisation of money for profit or returns.
Investment can be done by:- 1. Creating physical assets with the money (such as development of land, acquiring commercial assets, etc.), 2. Carrying on business activities (like manufacturing, trading, etc.), and 3. Acquiring financial securities (such as shares, bonds, units of mutual funds, etc.).
Investment opportunities are commitments of monetary resources at different times with an expectation of economic returns in the future.
2. Profitable