To separate the sucrose the lab needed to use ~2.95 grams of Panacetin and 50 mL of dichloromethane. This mixture was then used extract the sucrose via gravity filtration. To separate the aspirin, the lab used two separate portions of sodium bicarbonate. Two different liquid layers formed, one with an aqueous solution and the other with the organic dichloromethane. The aqueous solution was then separated into one container and the dichloromethane solution into another. The lab then added HCl to the aqueous solution until it was acidic, reaching a pH ≤ 2. The aqueous solution was then cooled and the aspirin precipitate was separated. To isolate the unknown, the lab heated the dichloromethane…
In November 2012 Scotiabank completed the acquisition of ING Direct Canada from ING Group NV. As part of the terms of the deal the bank was required to change its name from ING Direct before May 2014. On November 5, 2013 ING Direct Canada revealed that its new name would be Tangerine, with the new brand name to take effect on April 8, 2014.…
For each question, choose your answer, and then give the rationale behind your choice. This will give you the opportunity to earn up to 10 points to be directly applied to exam 2. This must be submitted by the beginning of class 8/2.…
The purpose of this lab was to find the mass of the products and reactants and to show a chemical reaction between them. I will use our results to apply what we’re learning in class which consists of: intensive and extensive properties, physical and chemical change, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures and the conservation of mass. Thus, we will learn to utilize these scientific applications outside of the actual experiment.…
Clenbuterol is quite anti-catabolic and/or anabolic in almost every (living organisms) study ever done on it, although this hasn’t been studied or confirmed in human studies. Also, a trend we see with Clenbuterol administration in animals is that the doses used are very high- more than anyone actually taking. If Clenbuterol is anabolic or anti-catabolic in humans, only mild anabolic or anti-catabolic effects can realistically be expected.One of the primary drawbacks of Clenbuterol is that after a couple of weeks, it seems to stop working for most people. This is because it can cause a down regulation of pulmonary, cardiac and central nervous system beta-adrenergic receptors. This is why it seems to stop burning fat for most people at that point.…
The Diels-Alder product obtained in this experiment had a measured melting point of 154°C, which has a discrepancy of 11degrees from the literature value of 165°C. These values show an experimental flaw in the process of drying the solid product obtained from the vacuum filtration portion of the method of experimentation. Because the product was not fully dry during the melting point portion of the experiment, the melting point results were skewed. The reactants and solvents in the reaction each have significantly lower melting points than the product. Specifically, cold petroleum ether was used to wash the crystals in the drying portion of the experiment. Petroleum ether has a melting point of ~-73.0°C.9 It is possible the product was not dried thoroughly via vacuum filtration and…
In order to study the influence of reaction time, acetophenone with complex 2 (0.1 mol%) under standard conditions was monitored by GC-MS analysis taking 0.1 mL aliquots of the reaction mixture at intervals of 1 h. As can be observed in the conversion vs time plots, the formation of 1-phenylethanol was increased with the progress of the reaction, reached a maximum and then remained unchanged (Fig. 4). Reasonably good conversion (97.4%) for the formation of 1-phenylethanol was observed at the optimum reaction time of 5 h. There is no noticeable improvement was observed even after extending the reaction time. These result implies that the conversion of product strongly dependent of reaction time. With the promising results in hand, we next examine the catalytic efficiency of complex 2 for a wide range of aromatic, heterocyclic, cyclic and aliphatic ketones. To compare the results, all the reactions were carried out under identical conditions. The alcoholic products were analysed by GC-MS and 1H-NMR (entries 2, 15 and 16) after doing the required workup (Figs. S5-S20, see supplementary information). The complex catalysed TH of ketones to their corresponding alcohols with good to excellent conversions in all the cases. The existence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituent on the aromatic ring shows significant effect in the rate of the reaction (Table 6, entries…
Dobutamine, a synthetic catecholamine bearing chemical structural resemblance to dopamine, is a beta-adrenoceptor agonist. It has remained the drug of choice in management of acute heart failure patients with systolic dysfunction.…
Cyclobenzaprine is a tricyclic amine, central nervous system (CNS) depressant and centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant that targets the brain stem leading to relief of musculoskeletal pain and stiffness usually caused by muscle spasms[1][4]. Recent studies have shown positive effects on patients with Fibromyalgia, but treatment with cyclobenzaprine only masks some of the physical symptoms of the disease and is not recommended for long term use [2]. It is administered orally in pill form with a recommended dosage of 5 – 10 mg three times per 24 hour period. Dosage depends upon individual response, age, current medications, and medical history. Cyclobenzaprine is not intended for regular use extending further than 2 – 3 weeks…
Risperdal, or risperidone, is the newest medication for treating schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. It helps manage schizophrenia's "positive symptoms" such as visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions, and thought disturbances. Risperdal may also help in treating so-called "negative symptoms" such as social withdrawal, apathy, lack of motivation, and inability to experience pleasure. Side effects are usually relatively minor, and blood monitoring is not necessary. Risperdal is the first new front-line treatment option in twenty years.…
Ivabradine, Nicorandil, Ranolazine, Trimetazidine are new generation of antianginal drugs .The mechanism of action, principal adverse effects and contraindications of each drug will be discussed.…
Metoprolol is a beta-Adrenergic blocking agent. Beta receptors are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are found on cells of the heart, smooth muscles, in airways, arteries and kidneys. Associated with stress response, they are stimulated by epinephrine. Beta blockers interfere with the binding of epinephrine at the receptors. Metoprolol works by inhibiting the response to adrenergic stimuli by blocking beta one adrenergic receptors within the myocardium. (Hoffman, Jones Reeder, & Rodgers, 2000) Conduction is slowed through the SA and AV nodes. A decrease in the resting heart rate and negative inotropic effects are seen; thus decreasing the cardiac output at rest and during exercise. Reduction of blood pressure is achieved by decreasing the cardiac output, decreasing sympathetic outflow from the CNS, as well as suppressing renin release which reduces peripheral vascular resistance. (www.drugs.com)…
Lidocaine also known as Xylocaine, or Ligocaine is a local anesthetic. It is used in various forms such as a topical gel, topical liquid, topical ointment, oral gel or liquid, a dermal patch, injected intravenously, IV, subcutaneously or inhaled by a nebulizer. Topically is used to relieve itching, burning or pain from skin inflammations. Liocaine injection is used to numb the area of your body to help reduce pain that’s caused by invasive medical procedures such as needle punctures, surgery, insertion of catheter or dental procedures. Lidocaine was the first type of local anesthetic, and marketed in 1949.…
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Phencyclidine (PCP), also referred to as angel dust, is a hallucinogen that produces feelings of euphoria, superhuman strength, and social/sexual prowess.1 All but one of PCP derivatives, ketamine, became illegal in 1978.1 Ketamine is a synthetic compound used as a surgical anesthetic today. PCP, before 1978, was indicated for anesthesia and for animal tranquilization, but it was removed from the market due to its many side effects, the most common being psychosis, dysphoria, and agitation.1 Today it is ingested in many different forms, some of which include smoking, snorting, or injection.1 The effect of PCP on the body is influenced by the body’s habitat, alcohol co-ingestion, and nutrient intake.1 PCP is highly lipophilic, meaning that because…