'No Secrets' identifies categories of abuse. They are:
Physical Abuse
Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms
Hitting. Slapping. Pushing. Kicking.
Misuse of medication. Restraint.
Inappropriate sanctions.
Series of unexplained falls or major injuries. Injuries/bruises at different stages of healing. Bruising in unusual sites e.g. inner arms, thighs.
Abrasions. Teeth indentations.
Injuries to head or face. Client very passive. Sexual Abuse
Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms
Including rape and sexual assault or sexual acts to which the vulnerable adult has not consented, or could consent, or was pressured into consenting. Change in behaviour. Overt sexual behaviour or language. Difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital and/or anal area.
Neglect
Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms
Includes acts of omission. Ignoring physical or medical care needs.
Failure to provide access to appropriate health, social care or educational services. Withholding necessities of life e.g. medications, nutrition, heating.
Absence of food, heat, hygiene, clothing, comfort. Preventing client to have access to services. Isolation.
Absence of prescribed medication.
Psychological Abuse
Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms
Emotional abuse. Threats of harm or abandonment. Deprivation of contact. Humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, coercion, harassment, verbal abuse, isolation or withdrawal from services or supportive networks.
Withdrawal, depression. Cowering and fearfulness. Change in sleep patterns. Agitation, confusion, change in behaviour. Change in appetite/weight. Financial Abuse
Abuse Action Signs & Symptoms
Theft, fraud, exploitation. Pressure in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions.
Misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits.
Unpaid bills. Basic needs not being met. lack of cash on day to day basis. InstitutionalAbuse