The muslims inherited much from Greece, Rome, and India. Muslims tolerated other cultures and because of that were so advanced in scholarship, the medical field, and many others areas at the highest level at that period of time. The muslims achievements will always have a lasting impact on our world.…
1. Abbasids: Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty {750-1258 CE} that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid.…
2. Many people converted to Islam and there was a certain amount of political unity given by the Abbasid Dynasty but that was soon destroyed, causing North Africa to split into several divided states and contending states. Islam preached egalitarianism which made the people acknowledge conquerors and new rulers more easily. Additionally, Islam’s practice of combining the powers of the state and…
B) Arabs rapidly lost their dominance in the Umayyad Empire to the native residents of Persia.…
Osman Bey: The founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession until the dissolution of the empire. He was chief of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia.…
The early Islamic Empire expanded throughout the years in three different ways. One way the empire expanded was through war to acquire additional land. In Document A it explains that the Muslims were fighting an impressive war and also that the Muslim women were fighting violently. Another reason the empire expanded was since the treaty persuaded several people to practice Islam. In Document B the treaty says that they will not perform anything wicked toward them for example putting them in jail or harassing them. This probably impressed people, which made them choose to practice such a peaceful and forgiving religion. The last reason why the early Islamic empire expanded was because people desired stipends. Stipends exist as payments which…
As I stated before, the Islamic Caliphates’ main religion was Islam, referring to their empire name. Like Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, Islam also took a part of the government in the Islamic Caliphates. Just like the Byzantine Empire, the ruler of the Islamic Caliphate was Muslim, their most practiced religion. His name, as many of you probably know, was Muhammad (c.570-632). He is the person who found the religion and was the leader of all Muslims until his death. After his death, caliphs appeared, who were “successor of the Messenger of God.” Looking back at their name it is believable that they were the ones that ruled the Muslim community and the empire. Since they were the ones that ruled, Islamic Caliphates were mostly governed by the Muslims. The religion didn’t specifically help or effect the government, but actually governed the empire. Abū Bakr was the first caliph who ruled the Islamic Caliphates and as it states on britannica.com, “When the Prophet Muhammad died (June 8, 632 ce), Abū Bakr succeeded to his political and administrative functions as khalīfah rasūl Allāh, “successor of the Messenger of God,” but it was probably under ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, the second caliph, that the term caliph came into use as a title of the civil and religious head of the Muslim state.” So it makes one understand that Muhammad was in charge of the politics and government while he was alive, and since it says that Abū Bakr succeeded to Muhammad, it means that they did the same as Muhammad, govern the Islamic Caliphates. Umar was the second caliph and he used his knowledge about politics and government that he received from the two rulers before him. This helped the Islamic Caliphates to stay put and hold itself together. This quote from www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org supports the fact that Umar was a great leader, “Umar, however, was one of the great political geniuses of history.” Under him, the empire expanded immensely and he was…
Unlike the Mongols, the Islamic empire originated out of a religion. Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 AD. He had a small group of followers in his radically different religion and with them, he created the now known religion of Islam (Pollard pg. 304). The vibrant passion of the believers of Islam is what helped to spread it so far and so fast. Within a hundred years, Islam had spread as far as North Africa, sweeping down the east coast of Africa, into southern Europe, and finally into present day India and central Asia (Pollard pg. 306-307) The Islamic empire contained so many vastly different peoples that the leading rulers, the Abbasids, started to conscript local Arab men into their armies to help keep control. As time went by though, the empire continued to grow and eventually, the Abbasid turned to nomadic groups to be hired out as mercenaries (Pollard pg. 309). This was a shift in how empires created armies. Different from the Mongols that relied entirely on their own strength for all military purposes, the Islamic empire chose to focus on spreading their religion and knowledge and leave the fighting to their hired…
The Islamic empire were undoubtedly affected by the gradual shift towards trade routes that bypassed their lands. For the most part the effects were negative that led to a decline in wealth as well as prestige of these Islamic empires. Conversely the new trade routes did allow agriculture to benefit because there was a spread of new crops. Similarly, merchants in the Islamic Empire contrived new was to take advantage of the new bustling European trade. Furthermore, two factors were instrumental in diminishing the preeminence of the Islamic Empires. These factors include European rivalry for trade in the Indian ocean, the amount of presence Britain had in India. Additionally, ingenuity on the part of the Islamic merchants did lead to some albeit small benefits to the Islamic empires. With attention to each of these factors in a more thorough fashion we can see both the negative positive effects that gradual shift towards bypassing trade routes had on these Islamic empires.…
Eventually they had to unite because of an Islam emergency. During this time Muhammad was alive for some time. Muhammad’s death in 632 was not a fall back to the Islam’s army. They strove to win and eventually took most of Persia and the eastern empire.…
Although the fall of the Roman Empire and the Abbasids differed greatly they both still declined due to internal and external factors, such as the government and economy failing, foreign invaders, and reasons caused by the people. Even though both empires suffered to causes that were similar, the two inevitably ended differently. The Roman Empires government suffered from political uncertainty and the moving of the capital. The Roman army steadily began to grow weak, while the population declined and the Roman Empire could no longer protect itself from nomadic invaders. On the other hand due to problems with political control and succession the rule and financial system of the Abbasid failed; focusing more on handling the slave revolts and assassination attempts, the military unsuccessfully defended itself from the Mogul invaders that later took over the empires capital Baghdad.…
When Muhammed had passed, he had already converted kings on the Arabian Peninsula to their religion. The kings were able to use their power to move the armies across the Arabian Penisula through invasion and conquest to then spread the faith. The diffusion went through North Africa then by early ninth century, the Muslim world included emirates by extending from Egypt to Morocco which occupied most of Spain and Portugal. Through trade, the Muslim traders had settled tradin ports in Southeast Asia which was then established as a new secondary hear of Islam…
The Mongol founder, Genghis Khan, conquered surrounding nomadic tribes and brought them under his rule through extensive military conquest. Over the entire rise of the Mongols, they gained Asia, Russia, the Middle East and parts of Europe all as territories. In fact, the land Genghis had obtained was so vast that it had to be broken up into to four kingdoms upon his death. To conquer new lands, the Mongols were experts on horseback and were known for their cruel and barbaric torturing rituals, such as “drawn and quartered.” Similarly, the Umayyad prevailed against people groups from Saudi Arabia all the way West to Morocco in Northern Africa. Unlike later Islamic dynasties, the Umayyad were mostly concentrated on power and the conquering of land by their brutal military tactics. With their capital at the central location of Damascus, in Syria, they were able to govern and expand their large Islamic kingdom effectively. Overall, both the Mongol and Umayyad empires expanded through military conquest during their rise to power.…
Throughout the centuries, many empires have developed on the different continents of the Earth. All of these empires have experienced period of political, economic, and social success, as well as periods of decline. This is the case with the 3 Muslim empires: the Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Mughal. After the collapse of the Mongol Empire, the 3 kingdoms began to from across Asia: the Ottoman Empire in Asia Minor, the Safavid Empire in Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. At their height, they covered nearly all of the Islamic World. Although all 3 empires have distinct differences, they also have many similarities.…
• The 50-year reign of Abd al-Rahman III saw the defense of Córdoba from both the Fatimids in Africa and the Christians to the north. After his death, the caliphate fragmented into many smaller principalities.…