Aldolase B, can no longer take its substrate, F-1-P, and turn it into the products, DHAP and Glyceraldehyde. During HFI, fructose is still being phosphorylated by fructokinase, leading to a build up of F-1-P, and will no longer being used for glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. The continued use of phosphorous leads to the depletion of the free phosphate pool in the cells. The electron transport chain requires phosphate to make ATP. With the low amounts of free phosphate available, ATP production slows. Essentially, fructose is no longer being used as energy by the liver cells. Liver cells are now low on energy leading to liver damage and eventually liver failure. Fructose-1-phosphate produces the symptoms of HFI. It normally acts a signal in high blood sugar instructing the glucokinase to stay in the cytoplasm, so it does not go into the nucleus. When blood sugar is low, and F-1-P builds up, it signals the glucokinse to stay in the cytoplasm leading to a glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis slowing down. When low blood sugar occurs, the liver cannot release glucose into the blood to help stabilize it, this is known as hypoglycemia. Many symptoms that are involved with hereditary fructose intolerance have to do with hypoglycemia, such as shakiness, headaches, and irritability, in addition to phosphate related liver issues (Sanders,…
1. What does the term genetic disease mean? What examples of generic diseases do you know about?…
In hereditary glucose intolerance (HFI), there is a mutation of the aldolase B enzyme which prevents it from functioning. If aldolase b isn’t available to breakdown F-1-P, then the by-products (DHAP and glyceraldehyde) do not enter the Krebs cycle to form ATP (energy).…
When you sustain an injury or if your blood vessels get damaged, it sends out strong signals that are picked up by platelets. These platelets are tiny blood cells rush and spread across the surface of the injury and form clots or plug to stop the bleeding or repair the damage in a process known as adhesion. On any site of injury, these platelets send out chemical signals to other platelets to pile onto the clot formed in a process known as aggregation. Having too many platelets can cause blood clots which may cause a heart attack, stroke or block a major artery. If you have too few or no platelets can be dangerous too because any slight injury can lead to serious blood loss. An example of platelet disorder is…
Melanie Velez A & P unit 1 Assignment Anatomy Physiology Pathology Syndrome Glucose Set point Hypothalamus Prognosis Anatomical Prefix, suffix, word root Inferior Dorsal Medial Necrosis Pubic Supine Superficial Right upper quadrant Diaphragm Respiratory…
Inborn errors of metabolism are rare genetic disorders in which the body cannot metabolize certain substances in food because of a defect in specific enzymes. Treatment of IEMs is a diet change to control the substances that cannot be metabolized in order to prevent a rise in the level of the substance which can be harmful to the body. In PKU, the baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine which is found in foods that contain protein. Since it cannot be broken down, phenylalanine levels become dangerously high and cause severe damage to the central nervous system. PKU is passed down to an infant by both parents who are carrying the gene but may not be aware of it.…
The deficiency is carried by the X chromosome which makes the deficiency more common in males. People with favism lack sufficient amounts of the enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, also known as G6PD (Dr.Moalem 74). Although G6PD is thought to be present in every cell, it is essential in red blood cells for sustaining cellular integrity and preventing free radicals from destroying them. Thus, favism is a disease that targets red blood cells in the circulatory system . People with favism show symptoms of anemia or hemolytic anemia where there is very little red blood cells or the red blood cells burst. Other diseases that target red blood cells include sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia . J.B.S. Haldane (one of the first people to understand evolutionary pressure and its effects) suggested that sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia, helped its host better resist malaria (Dr.Moalem 89). Haldane's hypothesis was supported by the fact that evolution produces distinct traits in certain populations. In addition, Dr. Moalem states that a map of the world's fava bean…
IGT is a condition in which blood glicose levels are higher than normal but not yet diabetic.…
In children with Tay-Sachs disease, a faulty gene on chromosome 15 (HexA) causes the body to not produce the enzyme B-Hexosaminidase A. This means that the fatty substance (ganglioside) builds up in the brain and spinal cord, significantly damaging brain cells and therefore resulting in death.…
References: Bakris GL, Gaxiola E, Messerli FH et al. (2004). Clinical outcomes in the diabetes cohort of…
If there is a deficiency in aldolaseB, it slows down the metabolism of fructose allowing for a buildup in the liver.…
Dementia of the Alzheimer Type is a diagnosis of exclusion, other causes for the cognitive deficits must be ruled out first (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). This diagnosis is normally given after all other potential causes are ruled out by medical and family history, along with a physical examination including laboratory test in some cases (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley). Han’s has no sign of a medical condition that would be a factor in his memory failure. Han’s symptoms do not fit diagnostic criteria (C) for vascular dementia or other dementias due to other general medical conditions (APA).…
Shwachman Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is an inherited condition that affects mainly the bone marrow, pancreas, and skeletal system of the human body. Bone marrow produces new blood cells; however, in a patient with SDS, the bone marrow does not make all of the types of white blood cells making the body more vulnerable to infection. The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down and use nutrients from food. SDS results in the pancreas not producing enough of these enzymes, which makes it hard to digest food and absorb nutrients. SDS causes problems with bone formation and growth, mainly in the hips and knees. Patients with SDS also display a deficiency in vitamins A, D, E, and K.…
I learned to never be quick to judge a person when you never know what a person is going through! Gaucher disease is a receivable inherited lysosomal storage disease. This characterization makes tone by bruising of bones because they are weak and derive of pain. The sickness that deliberates fatigue, anemia that undergoes pain, low blood platelet count that will be harder flowing, and growth of the liver and spleen. These visceral and neurologic symptoms are causing disruption of the lysosomes because of accumulation. The accumulation will cause damage to the organs such as spleen, liver, and brain. As we all know the location of lysosomes are in the cell that contains enzymes that digest and separate the cell after its death. The hereditary deficiency, meaning that it passes along with the families of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase which act on glucocerebroside that will collect.…
3. It is a chronic condition that affects the way the body metabolizes the sugar into energy…