Unit 1 Principles Of Anatomy And Physiology
Unit 1- Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Functions of the skeletal system
There are five main functions of the skeletal system. To protect, to support, movement, cell production and storage.
The skeletal system protects delicate and important organs from harm. An example of this is the ribcage. This protects your heart and lungs from anything that tries to harm it. Another example is the brain. The brain is protected by the skull.
The skeletal system also provides support for the body as it acts as a framework giving the body its shape. This helps the body go against gravity.
Muscles are attached to the bones by tendons which allows movement in the body. The bones allow the muscles to contact meaning movement is possible. Where two …show more content…
bones meet, a joint is formed, allowing movement between the two bones. An example of how the skeletal system helps move the body is your arms. To move your arm up, your bicep contacts while the triceps relaxes. This image shows the Structure of the skeletal system.
Source: http://diagramlayout.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Skeleton-Diagram-2.jpg
Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are stored in the bones. If the blood levels of these minerals drops excessively then some of the stores within the bone can be released. Fat can also be stored in the bones.
Three types of cells are produced by the bone marrow inside the bones. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cells help carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles. The white blood cells fight against infections, while the platelets help clot the open wounds.
Structure of the skeletal system
The axial skeleton consist of 80 bones and is composed of eight parts. The skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column. This image shows the axial skeleton
Source: …show more content…
http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/bones/skeletons/axial_skeleton_diagram.png
The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones in it. It is unfused which means it has a bigger range of movement than the axial skeleton. It also protects some of the major organs. The appendicular skeleton consist of, Shoulder girdles, which include the scapulae (shoulder blades) and a clavicle on each side of the bone (also known as "collar bones"). The upper limbs (arms, wrists and hands). Pelvic (hip). Lower limbs (legs, ankles and feet). This image shows the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton. Appendicular skeleton is highlighted I purple and the axial skeleton is highlighted in green.
Source: http://www2.drury.edu/educ200/ghyde10-website/Appendicularskeleton_files/image002.jpg
There are different types of bones in the structure of the skeletal system. A long bone are hard dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility for the body. Examples of long bones are the femur (thigh bone). A long bone has a shaft and two ends. Bones in the fingers can also be classified as long bones.
The image on the right shows you examples of long in the body and where they are.
Source: http://connortodd.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/6/0/29609733/5703274_orig.jpg
Short bones are small and in a cuboid shape. Most are found in the hands and feet. An example of a short bone is the sesamoid bone.
The image on the right shows examples of short bones and where they can be found in the body.
Source: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/9889.jpg
Flat bones protect or provide the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. An example of a flat bone is the hip.
The image on the right shows the flat bones in the body and where they are.
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flat_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png/250px-Flat_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png
Irregular bones have a peculiar form. This means they cannot be categorized as long bones or short bones. They have various purposes such as the protection of nervous tissues. The spine has the most irregular bone in the body. It has 33 in total.
The image on the right shows different irregular bones and where they are in the body.
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Irregular_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png/250px-Irregular_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png
The bones are located in different areas of the body.
For example, the cranium is you skull. This protects the brain from any harm. Another example of a major bone are the ribs. They are located in your chest area and protect the heart and lungs.
The humerus is a long bone located in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulders to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections.
The radius or the radial bone is one of the two largest bone located in the forearm. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow towards the thumb side of the wrist. It is a long bone that is prism shaped and slightly curved.
The ulna is the second bone in your arm, and is next to the radius. It extends from the elbow to the wrist and runs parallel to the radius.
The scapula is also known as the shoulder blade. It is the bone that connects the humerus with the clavicle. It is a paired with the scapula on the other side of the body. It is a flat bone that forms the back of the shoulder girdle.
The pelvis is located in the lower part of the body between the thigh and the abdomen. In mammals, the bony pelvis has a gap in the middle. This gap is significantly larger in females than in males. This is where babies pass through when they are
born.
Carpals connect your hand to your forearm. It is essentially, your wrist. The mobility of individual carpal bones increases the freedom of movement in the wrist. The carpal is made of loads of other bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus.
Metacarpals are long bones in the hand and are connected to the carpals and to phalanges (finger bones). The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles.
Phalanges are small bones in your hands and feet. There are 56 phalange bones in the human body. Three phalanges are present on each finger and toe, with the exception of the thumb and large toe, which possess only two.
The femur bone, also known as the thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the centre of the body) bone of the leg. It is the only bone in your thigh and is the longest bone in the body.
The patella bone is known as the kneecap. It is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. It is the largest sesmoid bone in the body.
The tibia is also known as the shin bone. It is larger and stronger than the other bone and connects the knee with the ankle bones.
The fibula is known as the calf bone. It is located next to the tibia and is the smaller and weaker of the two.
The talus bone is also known as the ankle bone. It is the lower part of the ankle joint. Through articulations, it transmits the body weight on to the foot.
The tarsal is a cluster of seven smaller articulates bones in each foot. In humans the largest bone in the tarsus is the calcaneus, which is the weight-bearing bone within the heel of the foot.
The metatarsals are a group of five long bones in your foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.
The vertebral column, also known as the spine or backbone, is formed of individual bones called vertebras. It runs down the centre of the body, from the top of the centrum to the bottom.
The image on the right shows all the locations of the major bones in the body.
Source: http://elite-fitness.wikispaces.com/file/view/Bones.jpg/306712030/Bones.jpg
Functions of the skeletal system
There are five main functions of the skeletal system. To protect, to support, movement, cell production and storage.
The skeletal system protects delicate and important organs from harm. An example of this is the ribcage. This protects your heart and lungs from anything that tries to harm it. Another example is the brain. The brain is protected by the skull.
The skeletal system also provides support for the body as it acts as a framework giving the body its shape. This helps the body go against gravity.
Muscles are attached to the bones by tendons which allows movement in the body. The bones allow the muscles to contact meaning movement is possible. Where two …show more content…
bones meet, a joint is formed, allowing movement between the two bones. An example of how the skeletal system helps move the body is your arms. To move your arm up, your bicep contacts while the triceps relaxes. This image shows the Structure of the skeletal system.
Source: http://diagramlayout.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Skeleton-Diagram-2.jpg
Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are stored in the bones. If the blood levels of these minerals drops excessively then some of the stores within the bone can be released. Fat can also be stored in the bones.
Three types of cells are produced by the bone marrow inside the bones. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cells help carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles. The white blood cells fight against infections, while the platelets help clot the open wounds.
Structure of the skeletal system
The axial skeleton consist of 80 bones and is composed of eight parts. The skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column. This image shows the axial skeleton
Source: …show more content…
http://www.wpclipart.com/medical/bones/skeletons/axial_skeleton_diagram.png
The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones in it. It is unfused which means it has a bigger range of movement than the axial skeleton. It also protects some of the major organs. The appendicular skeleton consist of, Shoulder girdles, which include the scapulae (shoulder blades) and a clavicle on each side of the bone (also known as "collar bones"). The upper limbs (arms, wrists and hands). Pelvic (hip). Lower limbs (legs, ankles and feet). This image shows the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton. Appendicular skeleton is highlighted I purple and the axial skeleton is highlighted in green.
Source: http://www2.drury.edu/educ200/ghyde10-website/Appendicularskeleton_files/image002.jpg
There are different types of bones in the structure of the skeletal system. A long bone are hard dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility for the body. Examples of long bones are the femur (thigh bone). A long bone has a shaft and two ends. Bones in the fingers can also be classified as long bones.
The image on the right shows you examples of long in the body and where they are.
Source: http://connortodd.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/6/0/29609733/5703274_orig.jpg
Short bones are small and in a cuboid shape. Most are found in the hands and feet. An example of a short bone is the sesamoid bone.
The image on the right shows examples of short bones and where they can be found in the body.
Source: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/9889.jpg
Flat bones protect or provide the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. An example of a flat bone is the hip.
The image on the right shows the flat bones in the body and where they are.
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flat_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png/250px-Flat_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png
Irregular bones have a peculiar form. This means they cannot be categorized as long bones or short bones. They have various purposes such as the protection of nervous tissues. The spine has the most irregular bone in the body. It has 33 in total.
The image on the right shows different irregular bones and where they are in the body.
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Irregular_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png/250px-Irregular_bones_-_anterior_view_-_with_legend.png
The bones are located in different areas of the body.
For example, the cranium is you skull. This protects the brain from any harm. Another example of a major bone are the ribs. They are located in your chest area and protect the heart and lungs.
The humerus is a long bone located in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulders to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections.
The radius or the radial bone is one of the two largest bone located in the forearm. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow towards the thumb side of the wrist. It is a long bone that is prism shaped and slightly curved.
The ulna is the second bone in your arm, and is next to the radius. It extends from the elbow to the wrist and runs parallel to the radius.
The scapula is also known as the shoulder blade. It is the bone that connects the humerus with the clavicle. It is a paired with the scapula on the other side of the body. It is a flat bone that forms the back of the shoulder girdle.
The pelvis is located in the lower part of the body between the thigh and the abdomen. In mammals, the bony pelvis has a gap in the middle. This gap is significantly larger in females than in males. This is where babies pass through when they are
born.
Carpals connect your hand to your forearm. It is essentially, your wrist. The mobility of individual carpal bones increases the freedom of movement in the wrist. The carpal is made of loads of other bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus.
Metacarpals are long bones in the hand and are connected to the carpals and to phalanges (finger bones). The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles.
Phalanges are small bones in your hands and feet. There are 56 phalange bones in the human body. Three phalanges are present on each finger and toe, with the exception of the thumb and large toe, which possess only two.
The femur bone, also known as the thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the centre of the body) bone of the leg. It is the only bone in your thigh and is the longest bone in the body.
The patella bone is known as the kneecap. It is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. It is the largest sesmoid bone in the body.
The tibia is also known as the shin bone. It is larger and stronger than the other bone and connects the knee with the ankle bones.
The fibula is known as the calf bone. It is located next to the tibia and is the smaller and weaker of the two.
The talus bone is also known as the ankle bone. It is the lower part of the ankle joint. Through articulations, it transmits the body weight on to the foot.
The tarsal is a cluster of seven smaller articulates bones in each foot. In humans the largest bone in the tarsus is the calcaneus, which is the weight-bearing bone within the heel of the foot.
The metatarsals are a group of five long bones in your foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.
The vertebral column, also known as the spine or backbone, is formed of individual bones called vertebras. It runs down the centre of the body, from the top of the centrum to the bottom.
The image on the right shows all the locations of the major bones in the body.
Source: http://elite-fitness.wikispaces.com/file/view/Bones.jpg/306712030/Bones.jpg