The z score represents the distance of each X or score from the mean.
If the distance between the sample mean and the population mean the z score will increase. b) Increasing the population standard deviation.
The standard deviation is the factor that is used to divide by in the equation. the bigger the SD, then the smaller the z score.
c) Increasing the number of scores in the sample.
Should bring the samples mean closer to the population mean so z score will get smaller.
4a) The boundaries for critical region, when alpha level is is changed from α = .05 to .01, the size of the critical region will increase in size and the boundaries will be closer to the