Unit 5, Energy Exercise and Coordination
SNAB
Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
Topics 7 and 8
CCS
RICHARD DAMS
TOPIC 7: RUN FOR YOUR LIFE
5.7.1 - Recall the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors.
Cartilage: a tissue made from collagen, which protects bone ends A muscle: an organ that produces movement by contraction A joint: the junction between two bones A tendon: joins muscle to bone A ligament: joins bone to bone to stabilise a joint
Muscles work in pairs. One muscle produces the opposite movement from the other muscle, therefore, the pairs are called antagonistic pairs. Muscles which cause a joint to extend are called extensors, muscles which cause a limb to retract are called flexors.
A Synovial Joint
2
5.7.2 - Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the sliding filament theory (including the role of actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, Ca2+, ATP).
Muscles are made from muscle fibres arranged into bundles. Each fibre is made from bundles of myofibrils, which are extremely long, cylindrical muscle cells.
A RRANGEMENT OF MYOFIBRILS INTO A MUSCLE FIBRE
M USCLE CELLS (M YOFIBRILS )
M USCLE F IBRE
The functional unit of contraction is the sarcomere. Muscle cells contain many sarcomeres arranged in parallel. The muscle cell takes on a characteristic banded appearance because of the regular arrangement of the sarcomeres. This is called striation.
A sacromere. Note the appearance of the muscle
striated
The sarcomere contains overlapping actin and myosin. The myosin is often called the thick filament because the myosin heads make it appear thick. The actin is, therefore, the thin filament The process by which the thin filaments are pulled in towards each other by the myosin is called cross-bridge cycling. It is how muscles contract. 3
CROSS-BRIDGE CYCLING:
1. A nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction. 2. The
Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
Topics 7 and 8
CCS
RICHARD DAMS
TOPIC 7: RUN FOR YOUR LIFE
5.7.1 - Recall the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors.
Cartilage: a tissue made from collagen, which protects bone ends A muscle: an organ that produces movement by contraction A joint: the junction between two bones A tendon: joins muscle to bone A ligament: joins bone to bone to stabilise a joint
Muscles work in pairs. One muscle produces the opposite movement from the other muscle, therefore, the pairs are called antagonistic pairs. Muscles which cause a joint to extend are called extensors, muscles which cause a limb to retract are called flexors.
A Synovial Joint
2
5.7.2 - Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the sliding filament theory (including the role of actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, Ca2+, ATP).
Muscles are made from muscle fibres arranged into bundles. Each fibre is made from bundles of myofibrils, which are extremely long, cylindrical muscle cells.
A RRANGEMENT OF MYOFIBRILS INTO A MUSCLE FIBRE
M USCLE CELLS (M YOFIBRILS )
M USCLE F IBRE
The functional unit of contraction is the sarcomere. Muscle cells contain many sarcomeres arranged in parallel. The muscle cell takes on a characteristic banded appearance because of the regular arrangement of the sarcomeres. This is called striation.
A sacromere. Note the appearance of the muscle
striated
The sarcomere contains overlapping actin and myosin. The myosin is often called the thick filament because the myosin heads make it appear thick. The actin is, therefore, the thin filament The process by which the thin filaments are pulled in towards each other by the myosin is called cross-bridge cycling. It is how muscles contract. 3
CROSS-BRIDGE CYCLING:
1. A nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction. 2. The