Chapter 16:
1) Along with railroads, the Republicans’ protective tariffs helped build other U.S. industries, including textile and steel manufacturing in the Northeast and Midwest and (through a tariff on imported wool) sheep ranching in the West. Tariffs also funded government itself. Tariffs provided the largest share of revenue for the treasury, and helped fund the projects.
2) Farmers on the Great Plains faced the challenge of a hostile environment. In the grasslands, a cloud of grasshoppers could descend and destroy a crop in a day; a prairie fire or hailstorm could do the job in an hour. In spring, homesteaders could face sudden, terrifying tornados. In the winter, blizzards followed.
Over the long term, homesteaders discovered that the western grasslands did not receive enough rain to grow wheat and other grains. Despite the belief that “rain followed the plow,” the cycle of rainfall shifted from wet to dry. While farmers and homesteaders faced vast problems, the large scale on which hydraulic mining was done wreaked large-scale havoc on the environment. What remained in most cases was a ravaged landscape with mountains of debris, poisoned water sources, and surrounding lands stripped of timber.
3) Reconstruction and large harmful effects to the environment allowed Yellowstone to be built, it also allowed for a preservation area to help preserve the animal habitats and allow for species to thrive.
4) Before the Civil War, Congress reserved the Great Plains for nomadic peoples. But in the era of railroads, steel plows, and Union victory, Americans suddenly had the power and desire to incorporate the whole plains, causing reservation wars to form due to disputes over land. These wars were nasty and messy.
5) Due to their peace policy, breaking up of native lands and forming reserves, and Europeanizing them essentially believing they were making them better as people. The reserves played a huge part in that, they believed it was a favor being