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Unterschiede Urfaust - Faust

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Unterschiede Urfaust - Faust
Der Tragödie zweier Teile im Überblick

Durch das „Fehlen" der einleitenden Szenen, fungiert der Urfaust in erster Linie als Liebesgeschichte. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Tragödie Gretchens und Fausts, was sich auf Einflüsse von persönlichen Erlebnissen Goethes und der damaligen Zeitepoche des Sturm und Drang zurückführen lässt.

Die Alchemisten beschäftigten sich mit der Suche nach der Quintessenz, die das Universum in sich vereint, die Herstellung von Gold oder das erlangen ewiger Jugend waren sekundäre Ziele. Parallelen zum Faust lassen sich an zwei Stellen deutlich erkennen: In der „Nacht" Szene möchte Faust erkennen, „was die Welt im Innersten zusammenhält." Im Gespräch mit Wagner bekennt er sich schuldig durch die Alchemie verantwortlich am Tode vieler Menschen gewesen zu sein. (V. 1022ff.)

Laut den Volksbüchern über Dr. Johann Faust lebte und wirkte dieser wahrscheinlich in den Jahren zwischen 1480 und 1540 n. Chr. Er studierte „Medizin, Astrologie und was sonst mit der Magie zusammenhing." und war allgemein als wandernder Magier, Astrologe und Wahrsager bekannt. Knapp 200 Jahre nach Erscheinen des ersten Volksbuches nimmt Goethe dieses Thema wieder auf und beginnt die Arbeiten an seinem „Urfaust".

Heinrich Faust, ein Unversalgenie, ist sichtlich verzweifelt, denn der Versuch eine höhere Erkenntnis zu erlangen will ihm nicht gelingen. Nach etlichen Misserfolgen geht er mit dem Teufel einen Pakt ein, der ihm die Erfüllung seines sehnlichsten Wunsches verspricht. Mephisto schafft es, bis zum Ende von Faust II, nicht Faust zufrieden zu stellen. Faust gibt dem Leser zu Beginn des ersten Teils den Grund dafür: Die Divergenz zwischen den beiden Teilen seiner gespaltenen Persönlichkeit verunmöglicht es Mephisto die Wünsche Fausts zu erfüllen.

Gretchen macht als dritte Hauptcharaktere eine starke Wandlung durch: zu Beginn des Dramas ist sie stark religiös, ist unschuldig und wirkt unerfahren, dies zeigt sich z.B. bei ihrer ersten Begegnung mit Faust.

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