Urban Tourism - Amsterdam
6. With reference to one example, examine and evaluate a range of visitor management techniques that have been used by destination managers to control or disperse tourism demand and its negative impacts.
Visitor management techniques have been developed in order to deal with a constantly increasing demand in tourism industry worldwide. Negative impacts had to be addressed and minimized. As a result, in 1995 the Centre for Tourism Visitor Management was set up at Nottingham Business Centre (Shackley, 2003). The main purpose was to provide a focus for the study of visitors and tourism, involving significant impacts on natural resources. At present, visitor management also deals with the reality of visitors reaching the attraction/destination, followed by impacts on natural environment, local governments, local businesses and residents (Richardson, Flucker, 2004). Working in partnerships, strategic planning and managing stakeholders can be applied at site or destination level. Numerous organizations, including World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) collaborate with industry representatives to achieve common objectives – making profits and decreasing negative impacts within exploit areas.
Firstly, this work presents and evaluates several visitor management techniques. The second part consists of a critical evaluation of relevant techniques based on case study on city Amsterdam.
Destination managers need to confront several challenges such us; traffic congestion, lack of diverse public transport, lack of large public spaces, clutter and litter, queues at main sites or profiteering. Before making any decisions, they need to identify their goals. These goals can be associated with; local residents (maintaining positive attitudes between hosting community and tourists)( Lopez, 1996), the improvement of visitor experience, or applying sustainable tourism principles while taking long-term view. Although, that every destination is different and therefore, has to be
Visitor management techniques have been developed in order to deal with a constantly increasing demand in tourism industry worldwide. Negative impacts had to be addressed and minimized. As a result, in 1995 the Centre for Tourism Visitor Management was set up at Nottingham Business Centre (Shackley, 2003). The main purpose was to provide a focus for the study of visitors and tourism, involving significant impacts on natural resources. At present, visitor management also deals with the reality of visitors reaching the attraction/destination, followed by impacts on natural environment, local governments, local businesses and residents (Richardson, Flucker, 2004). Working in partnerships, strategic planning and managing stakeholders can be applied at site or destination level. Numerous organizations, including World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) collaborate with industry representatives to achieve common objectives – making profits and decreasing negative impacts within exploit areas.
Firstly, this work presents and evaluates several visitor management techniques. The second part consists of a critical evaluation of relevant techniques based on case study on city Amsterdam.
Destination managers need to confront several challenges such us; traffic congestion, lack of diverse public transport, lack of large public spaces, clutter and litter, queues at main sites or profiteering. Before making any decisions, they need to identify their goals. These goals can be associated with; local residents (maintaining positive attitudes between hosting community and tourists)( Lopez, 1996), the improvement of visitor experience, or applying sustainable tourism principles while taking long-term view. Although, that every destination is different and therefore, has to be
References: City of Amsterdam, 2011, Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, Fact Sheet November 2011, N.5 , Amsterdam Tourism & Congress Bureau Dahles, H., (1998) Redefining Amsterdam as a Tourist Destination, Annals of Tourism Research, 25, pp Dolnicar, S., Leisch, F., 2008, Selective Marketing for Environmentally Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, Issue 4, Munich Doxey, G Fyall, A., 2008, Managing Visitor Attraction, Second Edition, Elsevier, Oxford Grinstein, A., Nisan, U., 2009, Demarketing, Minorities and National Attachment, Journal of Marketing, Vol Hinch, T., 1996, Urban Tourism Perspectives on Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism, 4, 2; pp. 95-110 Holland, 2012, [accessed online] on 28th November, available at: http://www.holland.com/uk.tourism/ Lopez, N., 1996, Attitudes of Town Residents towards Tourism, Unpublished Dissertation, Edinburgh, Queen Margaret College Mexa, A Middleton, V., Hawkins, R., Sustainable Tourism: A Marketing Prospective, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Newsome, D., Dowling, R., 2004, Aspects of Tourism, Wildlife Tourism, Cromwell Press, Great Britain Richards, G., Hall, D., 2000, Tourism and Sustainable Community Development, Psychology Press, London Richardson, J., Flucker, M., 2004, Managing Visitors, Understanding and Managing Tourism, Pearson Education Ltd The World Tourism Organization, 1992, Guidelines; Development of Natural Parks and Protected Areas For Tourism, Madrid Appendix