USMLE heart
Heart 1. Blockage of which of the following arteries would lead to ischemia of the apex of the heart?
a. Anterior interventricular (descending)
b. Left circumflex
c. Posterior interventricular (descending)
d. Right marginal e. Right coronary
2. If the ductus arteriosus does not spontaneously close off soon after birth (to become the ligamentum arteriosum), it may have to be surgically ligated. When clamping or ligating it, what important structure immediately behind it must be identified and saved?
a. arch of the azygos vein
b. internal thoracic artery
c. left phrenic nerve
d. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
e. left superior intercostal vein
3. A hand slipped behind the heart at its apex can be extended upwards until stopped by a line of pericardial reflection that forms the:
a. Cardiac notch
b. ostomediastinal recess
c. Hilar reflection
d. Oblique pericardial sinus
e. Transverse pericardial sinus
4. A stethoscope placed over the left second intercostal space just lateral to the sternum would be best positioned to detect sounds associated with which heart valve?
a. aortic b. pulmonary c. mitral d. tricuspid
5. Which valves would be open during ventricular systole?
a. Aortic and pulmonary b. Aortic and tricuspid
c. Mitral and aortic d. Tricuspid and mitral
e. Tricuspid and pulmonary
6. Which chamber's anterior wall forms most of the sternocostal surface of the heart?
a. Left atrium b. Left ventricle
c. Right atrium d. Right ventricle
7. A 3rd-year medical student was doing her first physical exam. In order to properly place her stethoscope to listen to heart sounds, she palpated bony landmarks. She began at the jugular notch, then slid her fingers down to the sternal angle. At which rib (costal cartilage) level were her fingers? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8. A patient involved in an automobile accident presents with a sharp object puncture of the middle of the sternum at about the level of the 4th or
a. Anterior interventricular (descending)
b. Left circumflex
c. Posterior interventricular (descending)
d. Right marginal e. Right coronary
2. If the ductus arteriosus does not spontaneously close off soon after birth (to become the ligamentum arteriosum), it may have to be surgically ligated. When clamping or ligating it, what important structure immediately behind it must be identified and saved?
a. arch of the azygos vein
b. internal thoracic artery
c. left phrenic nerve
d. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
e. left superior intercostal vein
3. A hand slipped behind the heart at its apex can be extended upwards until stopped by a line of pericardial reflection that forms the:
a. Cardiac notch
b. ostomediastinal recess
c. Hilar reflection
d. Oblique pericardial sinus
e. Transverse pericardial sinus
4. A stethoscope placed over the left second intercostal space just lateral to the sternum would be best positioned to detect sounds associated with which heart valve?
a. aortic b. pulmonary c. mitral d. tricuspid
5. Which valves would be open during ventricular systole?
a. Aortic and pulmonary b. Aortic and tricuspid
c. Mitral and aortic d. Tricuspid and mitral
e. Tricuspid and pulmonary
6. Which chamber's anterior wall forms most of the sternocostal surface of the heart?
a. Left atrium b. Left ventricle
c. Right atrium d. Right ventricle
7. A 3rd-year medical student was doing her first physical exam. In order to properly place her stethoscope to listen to heart sounds, she palpated bony landmarks. She began at the jugular notch, then slid her fingers down to the sternal angle. At which rib (costal cartilage) level were her fingers? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8. A patient involved in an automobile accident presents with a sharp object puncture of the middle of the sternum at about the level of the 4th or