Preview

Utilitarianism

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1415 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism as an ethical theory Utilitarianism is the view that an act is right if it equals the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarians describe moral actions as actions that boost something good and lessen something that is bad. Virtue, knowledge, and goodwill are all good but they are only good if they give people a pleasurable existence. Pain is the only thing that is intrinsically bad. Utilitarians focus on the result of an act instead of the inherent nature of the act. An example would be an individual throwing their garbage into the ocean. Utilitarians would say throwing garbage into the ocean is not necessarily bad, but the effect it leaves will cause harm sooner or later and that is what is bad. I do not think that utilitarianism can be an ethical theory. It is simply too difficult to determine whether the utilitarian theory can be justified. The dilemma of trying to focus on a positive outcome or focusing on the actions that we take in order to accomplish the greatest good is too hard to measure. Utilitarianism is a type of consequentialist theory. The consequentialist theory says moral rightness is determined solely by the consequence of your action. If an act maximizes the good then it is good. A utilitarian will support the decision of an action that will produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. However, this is misguided in principle. For example, say a terrorist has ten hostages he is going to execute. He says to you if you kill one hostage he will let the other nine go. What should you do? You could make the argument that killing an innocent man is wrong, but you could also argue that you are bringing more happiness because you are only killing one person. If you kill nobody though you have sentenced ten people to die so it is a double edged sword. Another example is a murderer in a small town. The sheriff of the town is hard-pressed to find whoever the

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness. Utilitarianism can be characterized as a quantitative and reductionist approach to ethics. It can be contrasted with deontological ethics which does not regard the consequences of an act as a determinant of its moral worth.…

    • 447 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism revolves around the concept of “the end justifies the means.” It believes that outcomes as a result of an action have a greater value compared to the latter, the morally right action is the action that produces the most good. It also states that the most ethical thing to do is to take advantage of happiness for the good of the society. This normative theory considers the overall good for all people and not just a single person.…

    • 517 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Act Utilitarianism

    • 489 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The theory of Utilitarianism was first developed by Jeremy Bentham who was a philosopher of the 18th century. Bentham developed this theory to create a modern and rational approach to morality which would suit the changing society.…

    • 489 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism refers to acts in normative ethics that dictates actions to be the best moral example when actions are able to maximize utility for the society or country in which the actions are being taken. In this case, the utility can vary in terms of the meanings that it holds. Utility can be benefit for different individuals. Utility can also be benefit in the form of non-monetary advances that an individual may have. For example, if a person kills a serial killer in a community, he has a utilitarian behavior since the person has allowed the community to have utility, in this case varying in terms of meaning to be similar to safety, of not having a serial killer roaming around that could take someone else’s life without a moment of hesitation.…

    • 619 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Utilitarianism theory supports individual capability to foresee the costs of an act. A Utilitarian considers the decision of giving the best profit to a large number of people; this is known to be ethically correct.…

    • 101 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy which seeks to maximize well-being for the largest amount of people. This means that if you can secure pleasure at no moral cost, you should do so. It also means that if you can prevent displeasure for others without sacrificing anything of equal moral value, you should. In Utilitarianism the key is the well-being for the entire population.…

    • 443 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism is a relativist, consequentialist and teleological system of ethics based on the idea of ‘utility’. This means usefulness and utilitarian suggest that everyone should be the most useful thing. The theory was devised by Jeremy Bentham who said “an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number”. He believed human beings are motivated by pleasure and pain.…

    • 972 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    utilitarianism

    • 349 Words
    • 2 Pages

    A utilitarian believes in the action for the good for all people. This would mean that a Utilitarian would agree with the magistrate’s decision on framing the innocent man. The reason behind this agreement is that since the one man being killed is saving lives and saving chaos it makes it ethical, from a utilitarian standpoint. According to utilitarianism one must consider the consequences of a certain action. So in this case the magistrate must weigh the pros and cons of the decision to execute this man. The magistrate must be a utilitarian because he decided to kill the innocent man in an attempt make the majority of people calm. Utilitarian’s also believe in the idea of attaining happiness or pleasure. Therefore making a decision to kill the man the magistrate must believe that it will make everyone happy, making it morally correct in the magistrate’s eyes.…

    • 349 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism

    • 1278 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In A Critique of Utilitarianism, Bernard Williams argues that when following a Utilitarian approach for moral dilemmas, Utilitarianism might have us sacrifice or modify our moral integrity. Williams explains this argument with a hypothetical execution situation with protagonist Jim. Jim, who is a botanical expeditionary, accidentally wanders in the central square of a small South American town. There, he finds twenty Indians tied up in a row, with several armed soldiers standing in front of them. The captain in charge of the soldiers, Pedro, is ready to execute the Indians for protesting against the government. However, Jim is a foreigner and is honored by the captain. Because of this special occasion, Pedro gives Jim the option to shoot and kill one Indian. If Jim accepts, the other nineteen Indians can go free, if not, Pedro will shoot all twenty like intended. The Indians beg Jim to accept the offer and shoot one of them. Now, Jim is faced with a difficult decision whether to shoot one Indian or let Pedro shoot all of them. What should Jim do? It is not sure what the right course of action is, but four different theories could help him decide. These theories are: the Divine Command theory, Cultural Relativism, Kantianism, and Utilitarianism. In this paper, I will present these four theories and their suggestions for Jim’s right course of action, the faults in these theories, and how Utilitarianism is morally correct in this case.…

    • 1278 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Occupy Wall Street

    • 724 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Utilitarian is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions. The greatest happiness of all constitutes the standard that determines whether an action is right or wrong. Our belief that we are individuals and society is the net result of our choices. For example, the practice of blowing up rocks to release underground natural gas would not be permitted near residential areas if energy complaints…

    • 724 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism is a moral theory which centers on happiness and how we can promote it, and is measured by our actions. Utilitarianism explains how human’s ultimate goal is to achieve happiness. This is also called hedonism, limiting the amount of pain and equating happiness with pleasure. This theory explains how we aim for happiness through our actions.…

    • 1384 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Utilitarianism approach is that of a moral one. It is defined by the right action that maximizes the greatest amount of happiness or well-being and is the wrong action when it promotes the reverse of happiness. Not just the happiness of the person performing an action, but for everyone who will inevitably be affected by that action while it is taking place as well as afterwards in the future. Again, what matters most is the elevation of happiness and well-being. Utilitarianism relies on intrinsic value in that they analyze happiness as pleasure over pain.…

    • 753 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that advocates doing… Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that advocates doing what is morally right and what makes the greatest number of people happy, or what brings the greatest amount of pleasure and the least amount of pain for the most people. The theory assumes that an action is morally justifiable if it increases the overall happiness of the greatest number of beings. To determine if an action is right, it is necessary to calculate the amount of pleasure or suffering that is produced as a result on an impartial basis, meaning that everyone’s happiness counts equally (Sinnott-Armstrong). Anthony Ashley Cooper, an early utilitarian thinker stated, “…we call any creature worthy or virtuous when it can…

    • 1445 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Helping the poor, keeping promises, and telling the truth is morally good. The act of rape, and killing or harming innocent victims is immoral. These actions are considered in the rules of thumb. Utilitarianism is a species of consequentialism, which focuses on the greater good. Utilitarianism states that an act is right if and only if it produces more happiness and pleasure than unhappiness and pain. When we do utilitarianism, we aim to maximize overall happiness and minimize pain.…

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Utilitarianism

    • 557 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Given the scenario of the mad scientist, a utilitarian approach would suggest that because the outcome of the biochemical produced a cure causing thousands of lives to be saved, then this may make him a good person. The result of this biochemical produced happiness for the masses by saving lives and curing disease. Considering the principle of utilitarianism is pleasure of the masses, the result of his actions would now be considered moral due to the amount of happiness that was produced. Although this may be a simple explanation of the scenario, other factors must be taken into account, such as the scientist’s intent, the lack of pleasure that the scientist received, and the pleasure of the masses for punishing malicious behavior. “…the utilitarian standard of what is right in conduct, is not the agent’s own happiness, but that of all concerned.” (Boss, 55)…

    • 557 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays