Uttarpradesh Health Review

REVIEW OF HEALTH CARE IN UTTAR PRADESH
1. Abstract
Healthy society is an important contributor to economic growth since it rebound the prosperity of a nation and nature of human capital. The aim of this report is to highlights the health status of the Uttar Pradesh in context of different indicators associated with the health. In this report we also point out current status of health centers, schemes and projects running in the Uttar Pradesh.
2. Introduction
When measuring the health status of a state the important indicators we should consider are population, crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant and maternal mortality rate. In the case of Uttar Pradesh the different measures taken by the state helped them to decrease above indicators. For improving the health status the Government of Uttar Pradesh is providing the free facilities like vaccination of pregnant women and children, awareness about AIDS, treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy, awareness about importance of family planning ,Distribution of preventive medicine etc. But comparing with other states of India the performance of state is slightly disappointing in the above parameters.
Like other states health infrastructure of Uttar Pradesh consists of sub-centre, Primary Health centre, Community Health centre and District hospital. According to rural health statics (2009) in India Uttar Pradesh has 20521 sub-centers, 3690 primary health centers, 515 primary health centers . But there is a shortfall in the vacancies like health worker, health assistant, Doctors, Gynecologists, Physicians and Pediatricians in the above centers.
Different programs undertaken by the Government include the programs related to Iodine deficiency, AIDS, reduction of birth and death rate etc. Moreover this Government also undertook the projects like NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) and SIFPS (State Innovations in Family planning services project agencies).So in this report our aim is to explore in detail the current status of health condition of Uttar Pradesh.
3. Health Indicators
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of the country. One sixth of the population of the world lives in India and one sixth of Indian population leaves in Uttar Pradesh. Due to this high population implementing measures to control the indicators related to health is also lagging in the state.
The crude birth rate of the state decreased from 30.2(2005) to 26.1(2011) per 1000 people. But this value is below the crude birth rate at national level. The crude death rate of the state in 2005 is 8.6 and it is decreased to 7.6 in 2011.The difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate will give us the Natural growth rate. The natural growth rate of the state is 16.9 per 1000 population in 2010-11. Infant mortality rate of the state in 2005 is 74.3 and it is decreased to 66.2 per 1000 population in 2010.The reason for high infant mortality rate is the delivery of the weak babies most probably in rural areas and scheduled castes. The probability of maternal death of women in Uttar Pradesh is about one in 42 lifetime risk while in Kerala it is only about one in 500 life time risks. Teenage pregnancy is an important reason for the high maternal rate of Uttar Pradesh.
Table.1 Important indicators of health
Indicators Figures
Population(2011) 19,95,81,447
Birth rate(2011) 26.1
Death rate(2011) 7.6
Infant mortality rate(2010) 66.2
Natural growth rate(2010) 16.9
Maternal mortality rate(2010) 345 Source: Uttar Pradesh stat.com, 2011
4. Health Infrastructure
4.1.Sub-Center As on rural health statistics in 2009 U.P has 20521 sub-centers. Out of which 36.7% has the labour rooms and 61.7% are functioning in own government building. According to rural health statistics in 2007 there is a shortage of more than 1000 multipurpose worker and14789 health workers.
4.2. Primary Health Center
Uttar Pradesh has about 3690 primary health centers. About 40% of PHCs (Primary Health Centers) has the labour rooms. According to rural health statistics in 2007 there is short fall of 1532 health assistants (females) and about 1000 ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife).
4.3. Community Health Center
Uttar Pradesh 515 community health centers. About 40% of CHCs (Community Health Centers) has 30 or more beds. Almost all the CHC have operation theatre available in it. But there is a short fall of 263 Obstetricians, 263 Physicians and 373 Pediatricians according to 2007 rural health statistics. Graph.1 Number of Sub-centers, PHCs, CHCs Source: Bulletin on rural health statistics, 2009
5. Diseases Prominent in U.P
Diseases can be categorized into communicable and non communicable diseases. In UP major communicable diseases still prominent is malaria, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, Acute Respiratory Infections, Diphtheria, Measles, and Viral Hepatitis. The Non communicable diseases are also prominent in UP due to tobacco smoking and chewing. Graph.2 Number of persons affected with communicable diseases Source: C.B.H.I report on national health profile, 2009
6. Health Schemes/Programs
6.1. National Iodine Deficiency Control Program
According to National Goiter control program in 1966, 24 districts in UP are found to be endemic .So there arise the need to control Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Based on this Government UP banned entry of Un-iodized salts in 1987.Later in 1992 the National goiter control program was renamed as National Iodine Deficiency control program. The main functions include monitoring of supply and distribution of Iodized salts, monitoring entry of banned un-iodized salts and co-ordinate surveys conducted by various hospitals
6.2. School Health Program
This program is for the health checkups in the junior schools. For conducting of this program cost of one district is about Rs 30000. Total requirement for this program in year 2008 is about Rs 21 lakh.
6.3. National AIDS Control Program
This is a central government program and which is running in the state from 1992-93.The major function of this program include ensuring the blood security, giving awareness to control AIDS and training of medical officers, physicians under AIDS blood security and disease control. Under this program now about 13 blood test centers are going on and about 111 Governmental & non-governmental affiliated blood shells are working all over the states. With the help of this program about total 105933 high risk patient are examined, in which 1237 are HIV positive and total 185 AIDS patients are marked.
7. Conclusion
One of the main reasons for the poor health status in Uttar Pradesh is lack awareness among the people living in the villages. Hence there arises the need to educate the people, in the real sense and not simply make them literate. Another aspect which must be observed is accountability. At present nobody is held accountable for what he/she does do or does not do. This must stop. If anyone is found inactive he/she must be taken into task. A system of effective reward or punishment should be put in practice for those who are doing well against to these. Only by following these simple guidelines we can transform the health status of the Uttar Pradesh from the current state to a state of moderately fair or at best.

8. References
1. Bulletin on rural health statistics in India ,2009
2. CBHI report on national health profile, 2009
3. PHD research bureau, Uttar Pradesh –The state profile, 2011
4. http://www.uttarpradeshstat.com/default.aspx
5. http://uphealth.up.nic.in/

9. Plagiarism Report

References: 1. Bulletin on rural health statistics in India ,2009 2. CBHI report on national health profile, 2009 3. PHD research bureau, Uttar Pradesh –The state profile, 2011 4. http://www.uttarpradeshstat.com/default.aspx 5. http://uphealth.up.nic.in/ 9. Plagiarism Report