V. Macrocarpon Case Study

Species from genus Vaccinum such as V. uliginosum, V. angistifolium, V. mystillus, V. macrocarpon Ait contains phytochemicals with antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. The first study based on anticancer activity from cranberry extracts published in 1996 where inhibition of polyamine synthesis and induction of expression of the enzyme quinone reductase shown (Bomser and others 1996). Subsequently, an extract containing hydrosoluble phenols from a comercial freeze-dried cranberry inhibited the cell growth of HT- 29, HCT-116, SW480 and SW620.8 colon cancer cell lines. Zu and others (2010) analyzed an extract obtained from berry Vaccinium uliginosum inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells COLO205 (IC50 = 50 mg /ml). In
macrocarpon which inhibited by 35 % cell growth of SW620 but not SW480. By other hand, an enriched extract in anthocyanins obtained from V. myrtillus Berry inhibited by 7 % at 200 mg/mL HT29 cell growth and, by 34 % and 3 % in HCT116 at 4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, respectively (Zhao and others 2004; Katsube and others 2003). Thereafter, it was reported that an enriched fraction of anthocyanins from V. ashei readeberry was more cytotoxic (IC50 between 15 – 50 µg/mL) against CaCo-2 and HT29 cells than enriched fractions in tannins (IC50 between 50- 100 µg/mL) or phenolic acids (IC50 = 1 mg/mL) (McDougall and others 2008; Maldonado and Raul 2010).
The components of V. meridionale berry extract responsible of these effects against SW480 and SW620 cells are unknown. Thus considering that our results were similar to those anthocyanin enriched fractions from different Vaccinium berries against colon cancer cell lines; we propose that cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of V. meridionale berry on SW480 and SW620 cells might be attributed to these polyphenols (McDougall and others 2008; Zhao and others 2004; Katsube and others 2003; Yi and others
By contrary, chlorogenic acid from apple and coffee inhibited by 50% HT29 cell growth at 500μmol/L and 289.2μmol/L after 72 hours of treatment (Veeriah and others 2006; Glei and others 2006). More recently, Thurow et al (2012) showed that chlorogenic acid from prune (Prunusdomestica L.) at 150 μmol/L of reduced by 63% CaCo-2 cell growth after 24h of treatment. Other hydroxycinnamic acids and derivates such as caffeic acid phenyl ester, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and caffeoylquinic acids have showed anticarcinogenic activities against HT-29, CaCo-2, SW480, HCT116 involving cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (Huang and others 1986; Jacnike and others 2011; Puangpraphant and others 2011; Wang and others