Vanadium Niobium Tantalum
Vanadium, pronounced veh-NAY-di-em, atomic symbol V, and atomic number associated with this transition metal is 23. The atomic weight of Vanadium is 50.942 grams per one mole. The electron configuration is 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D3 and the noble gas notation is [Ar] 4S2 3D3.
Vanadium is located in group 5B, in the transition metals, on the periodic table of the elements. Also, included in this group are niobium [atomic number 41 with an atomic weight of 92.9064 grams per mole], tantalum [atomic number 73 with an atomic weight of 180.948 grams per mole], and dubnium [atomic number 105 with an atomic weight of 262.114 grams per mole].
With a smaller density than its two counter parts, that we have data referencing, vanadium also has a lower melting point and boiling point. Since "the atomic size increases down a group," as we learned in chapter ten of Zumdahl's text, the vanadium atom is smaller than niobium and tantalum, respectively. Likewise, Zumdahl explained that, "the ionization energies decrease down a group," vanadium contains higher ionization energy and is, overall, more pliable than niobium or tantalum.
Vanadium Niobium Tantalum
Melting Point 1900◦C/3500◦F +/-10◦ 2470◦C/4490◦F +/-10◦ 3010◦C/5460◦F +/-10◦
Boiling Point 3380◦C/5400◦ F +/- 10◦ 4740◦C/8570◦F +/-10◦ 5450◦C/9850◦F +/-10◦
Molar Mass 8.32 / cm^3 10.83 / cm^3 10.85 / cm^3
Geologically, the amount of naturally occurring vanadium is twenty-five hundredths of one percent (0.250 %). This is much lower than niobium and tantalum, which are found to be one hundred percent and ninety-nine and nine hundred eighty-eight thousandths of one percent (100% and 99.988%) naturally occurring, respectively. Vanadium is not found as a free metal in nature, which is a trait that it shares with dubnium. However, natural vanadium is a mixture of two isotopes [^50V
Vanadium is located in group 5B, in the transition metals, on the periodic table of the elements. Also, included in this group are niobium [atomic number 41 with an atomic weight of 92.9064 grams per mole], tantalum [atomic number 73 with an atomic weight of 180.948 grams per mole], and dubnium [atomic number 105 with an atomic weight of 262.114 grams per mole].
With a smaller density than its two counter parts, that we have data referencing, vanadium also has a lower melting point and boiling point. Since "the atomic size increases down a group," as we learned in chapter ten of Zumdahl's text, the vanadium atom is smaller than niobium and tantalum, respectively. Likewise, Zumdahl explained that, "the ionization energies decrease down a group," vanadium contains higher ionization energy and is, overall, more pliable than niobium or tantalum.
Vanadium Niobium Tantalum
Melting Point 1900◦C/3500◦F +/-10◦ 2470◦C/4490◦F +/-10◦ 3010◦C/5460◦F +/-10◦
Boiling Point 3380◦C/5400◦ F +/- 10◦ 4740◦C/8570◦F +/-10◦ 5450◦C/9850◦F +/-10◦
Molar Mass 8.32 / cm^3 10.83 / cm^3 10.85 / cm^3
Geologically, the amount of naturally occurring vanadium is twenty-five hundredths of one percent (0.250 %). This is much lower than niobium and tantalum, which are found to be one hundred percent and ninety-nine and nine hundred eighty-eight thousandths of one percent (100% and 99.988%) naturally occurring, respectively. Vanadium is not found as a free metal in nature, which is a trait that it shares with dubnium. However, natural vanadium is a mixture of two isotopes [^50V